• 中国科技论文统计源期刊
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Volume 47 Issue 4
May  2022
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Clinical value of the closed reduction interlocking intramedullary nail for internal fixation in the treatment of middle and lower tibial fractures

  • Received Date: 2020-10-20
    Accepted Date: 2021-08-17
  • ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of closed reduction interlocking intramedullary nails for internal fixation(IMN) in the treatment of the middle and lower tibial fractures, and its effects on the improvement of patient function, inflammatory stress, serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), osteocalcin N-terminal middle molecule fragment(N-MID), type Ⅰ collagen carboxy-terminal peptide fragment(β-CTX) expression.MethodsEighty patients with middle and lower tibial fractures were divided into the IMN group(n=40) and control group(n=40) according to the random number table.The control group was treated with open reduction and limited-access steel plate internal fixation, and the IMN group was treated with IMN.The operative conditions, complications, excellent and good rates of ankle joint and knee joint function recovery after 6 months of surgery, serum inflammatory response indexes[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-6(IL-6)] before surgery, after 1 d and 3 d of surgery, stress response indicators[norepinephrine(NE), angiotensin-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ) and cortisol(Cor)], and levels of ALP, N-MID and β-CTX before, after 1 week and 1 month of opertaion were compared between two groups.ResultsThe incision length, postoperative time to ground and fracture healing time in IMN group were shorter than those in control group, and the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and ratio of midsection diameter of the affected side after 24 h of operation to preoperative diameter in IMN group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).The incidence rate of complication in IMN group was 5.00%, which was lower than that in control group(22.50%)(P < 0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, NE, Ang-Ⅱ and Cor in two groups after 1 day and 3 days of surgery increased compared with before operation, and which in IMN group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).After 1 week and 1 month of surgery, the levels of ALP and N-MID in two groups increased compared with before surgery, and the levels of ALP and N-MID in IMN group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).After 1 week and 1 month of surgery, the levels of β-CTX in two groups decreased compared with before surgery, and the level of β-CTX in IMN group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).The excellent and good recovery rates of ankle joint and knee joint in IMN group afetr 6 months of operation were 94.87% and 97.44%, respectively, which were higher than those in control group(74.36% and 79.49%)(P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe application of IMN in the treatment of middle and lower tibia fractures has the advantages of less bleeding, rapid postoperative recovery, fewer complications, good functional recovery, light body's inflammatory stress response and fast recovery of the levels of ALP, N-MID, β-CTX.
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    [8] 陈森荣, 林勇, 叶前驱, 等. 三种不同内固定方式治疗胫骨中下段骨折疗效比较[J]. 创伤外科杂志, 2019, 21(5): 374. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2019.05.013
    [9] 张鑫, 李军, 许新忠. 闭合复位交锁髓内钉和微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效及并发症比较[J]. 中国现代医生, 2020, 58(6): 81.
    [10] 赵梁, 郑明, 宋卫, 等. 髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端关节外骨折的疗效分析[J]. 中国骨与关节损伤杂志, 2019, 34(2): 188.
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    [12] 赵纲驿. 锁定钢板内固定联合玻璃酸钠对胫骨平台骨折术后膝关节功能及综合应激状态的影响[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报, 2019, 44(11): 1500.
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    [14] 王攀, 黄光斌, 胡平, 等. 关节镜辅助下微创经皮钢板内固定与传统切开复位内固定对胫骨平台骨折患者的疗效观察[J]. 创伤外科杂志, 2019, 21(8): 615. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2019.08.012
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    [17] 赵蕾, 李桂明, 马璋辉, 等. 鸡尾酒式镇痛复合液对髋部骨折手术患者应激反应、炎性因子及免疫功能的影响[J]. 河北医药, 2019, 41(12): 1870. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2019.12.028
    [18] 杜一鑫, 陈建军, 曹斌豪, 等. 微创钢板内固定术中两种入路方式对肱骨干中段骨折患者骨代谢活性与桡神经损伤的影响[J]. 中国骨伤, 2019, 32(11): 997. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0034.2019.11.005
    [19] 顾旻, 姬健, 樊雄. 微创mippo髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的骨代谢平衡、创伤反应程度评估[J]. 海南医学院学报, 2017, 23(13): 1809.
    [20] 孙贺军. 红元胶囊治疗老年患者髋部骨折疗效及对患者术后TPINP、FIB、N-MID水平的影响[J]. 陕西中医, 2019, 40(7): 909. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7369.2019.07.027
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Clinical value of the closed reduction interlocking intramedullary nail for internal fixation in the treatment of middle and lower tibial fractures

  • Department of Orthopedics, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu Anhui 241000, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of closed reduction interlocking intramedullary nails for internal fixation(IMN) in the treatment of the middle and lower tibial fractures, and its effects on the improvement of patient function, inflammatory stress, serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), osteocalcin N-terminal middle molecule fragment(N-MID), type Ⅰ collagen carboxy-terminal peptide fragment(β-CTX) expression.MethodsEighty patients with middle and lower tibial fractures were divided into the IMN group(n=40) and control group(n=40) according to the random number table.The control group was treated with open reduction and limited-access steel plate internal fixation, and the IMN group was treated with IMN.The operative conditions, complications, excellent and good rates of ankle joint and knee joint function recovery after 6 months of surgery, serum inflammatory response indexes[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-6(IL-6)] before surgery, after 1 d and 3 d of surgery, stress response indicators[norepinephrine(NE), angiotensin-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ) and cortisol(Cor)], and levels of ALP, N-MID and β-CTX before, after 1 week and 1 month of opertaion were compared between two groups.ResultsThe incision length, postoperative time to ground and fracture healing time in IMN group were shorter than those in control group, and the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and ratio of midsection diameter of the affected side after 24 h of operation to preoperative diameter in IMN group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).The incidence rate of complication in IMN group was 5.00%, which was lower than that in control group(22.50%)(P < 0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, NE, Ang-Ⅱ and Cor in two groups after 1 day and 3 days of surgery increased compared with before operation, and which in IMN group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).After 1 week and 1 month of surgery, the levels of ALP and N-MID in two groups increased compared with before surgery, and the levels of ALP and N-MID in IMN group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).After 1 week and 1 month of surgery, the levels of β-CTX in two groups decreased compared with before surgery, and the level of β-CTX in IMN group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).The excellent and good recovery rates of ankle joint and knee joint in IMN group afetr 6 months of operation were 94.87% and 97.44%, respectively, which were higher than those in control group(74.36% and 79.49%)(P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe application of IMN in the treatment of middle and lower tibia fractures has the advantages of less bleeding, rapid postoperative recovery, fewer complications, good functional recovery, light body's inflammatory stress response and fast recovery of the levels of ALP, N-MID, β-CTX.

  • 胫骨中下段骨折属常见四肢创伤骨折,占全身骨折3%~10%,常因高处坠落、交通事故等高能量暴力导致,降低病人日常生活能力与生活质量[1-3]。内固定手术为治疗胫骨中下段骨折的重要手段,但因胫骨中下段皮下组织覆盖较少,血供不丰富,术后易出现骨折不愈合或延迟、畸形愈合等并发症[4-5]。如何于符合力学固定条件下尽可能保护骨折端血供,加速骨折愈合一直为临床治疗的重点、难点。闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定(IMN)、切开复位有限接触钢板内固定均为治疗胫骨中下段骨折的重要术式,但目前关于2种术式应用于胫骨中下段骨折的优劣情况尚存在一定争议。本研究旨在观察两者治疗胫骨中下段骨折的效果,并首次分析对病人炎症应激、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽片段(β-CTX)表达的作用,以期为临床治疗提供一定支持。现作报道。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选取2017-2019年我院收治胫骨中下段骨折病人80例,按随机数字表分为IMN组和对照组,各40例。2组性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、病程、骨折原因、骨折AO分型、骨折部位等一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1),均具有可比性。本研究经医院伦理委员会同意。

    分组 n 年龄(x±s)/岁 BMI(x±s)/(kg/m2) 病程(x±s)/d 骨折原因 骨折AO分型 骨折部位
    重物砸伤 跌倒摔伤 高处坠落伤 交通事故伤 C型 B型 A型 左侧 右侧
    IMN组 40 23 17 43.18±9.41 21.92±1.63 2.42±0.39 7 10 5 18 6 12 22 17 23
    对照组 40 26 14 45.06±8.93 22.08±1.57 2.51±0.43 6 9 4 21 8 14 18 22 18
    χ2 0.47 0.92* 0.45* 0.98* 0.47 0.84 1.25
    P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
    *示t
  • (1) 经X线片确诊为胫骨中下段骨折;(2)新鲜、闭合性、单侧骨折;(3)受伤原因明确,有明确手术适应证;(4)入组前未采取有关治疗;(5)受伤前患肢功能良好;(6)知晓本研究,签订知情同意书。

  • (1) 患肢存在筋膜间室综合征、血管神经损伤等严重创伤有关并发症;(2)病理性、陈旧性骨折;(3)骨折线涉及踝关节面或极远端;(4)合并严重骨质疏松;(5)合并严重高血压、糖尿病;(6)合并凝血功能障碍、精神系统疾病、恶性肿瘤;(7)合并心、肺、肝、肾等脏器功能严重障碍。

  • 对照组:行切开复位有限接触钢板内固定:病人腰麻或全身麻醉,平卧位,患侧大腿根部绑充气止血带;于小腿内踝处纵行切口约9 cm,逐层切开皮肤与皮下组织,顺胫骨内侧面潜行分离形成通道,直视或闭合下对骨折行解剖复位;克氏针临时固定后,顺通道插入合适规格钢板,塑形后放置恰当,戳孔后置入螺钉,确保骨折两端各有6个有效皮质固定(见图 1)。

    IMN组:麻醉、体位选取与对照组一致,患侧大腿根部绑充气止血带,胫骨髓内钉固定系统购于大博公司;髌下入路需屈膝90°~120°,屈髋60°~90°,行膝正中偏内侧入路,切口长4~5 cm,沿着髌韧带内侧逐渐进入,在必要时可将部分髌韧带纵行切开,充分暴露胫骨平台斜坡,在斜坡顶点偏内侧开口,置入导针。髌上入路膝关节屈曲15°,于髌上2 cm处作3 cm纵行切口,分离股直肌后进入髌上囊,将专用保护套穿髌股关节间隙到达胫骨平台前方。于透视下确保导针位置居中,缓缓牵引下肢,实施复位、维持力线,在测深后扩髓到出现明显阻力,沿着导针指引方向置入规格适合髓内钉,于透视下调节肢体长度与旋转,骨折断端复位效果满意后,安置锁定钉对准导航装置,置远近端锁钉(见图 2)。

    2组术后均抬高患肢并采取消肿处理,预防性予以抗生素1~2 d,鼓励病人采取早期膝踝关节功能、肌肉收缩锻炼,并依据恢复与骨折愈合情况逐渐采取部分负重与负重行走。

  • (1) 炎症应激指标检测:分别于术前、术后1 d、术后3 d抽取病人清晨空腹肘静脉血样5 mL,应用离心机离心10 min,转速3 000 r/min,采集上层血清,以酶联免疫吸附法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血管紧张素-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)、皮质醇(Cor)水平,试剂盒购于上海酶联生物科技有限公司;(2)骨代谢指标检测:分别于术前、术后1周及1个月抽取病人清晨空腹肘静脉血样3 mL,离心方法同上,取上层血清,以放射免疫法测定血清ALP、β-CTX水平,双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定N-MID水平,试剂盒购于深圳晶美生物工程有限公司,有关操作严格按试剂盒说明书进行。

  • (1) 手术情况。(2)并发症。(3)术前、术后1 d、术后3 d血清炎症反应指标(TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6)水平。(4)术前、术后1 d、术后3 d血清应激反应指标(NE、Ang-Ⅱ、Cor)水平。(5)术前、术后1周及1个月血清ALP、N-MID、β-CTX水平。(6)术后应用电话随访或门诊复查等形式随访6个月,应用Johner-Wruhs评分系统评价病人踝关节功能恢复情况,满分0~100分,分为差(评分≤70分)、可(评分处于71~80分)、良(评分处于81~90分)、优(评分>90分)4个等级,踝关节功能恢复优良率=(良+优)/总例数×100%[6];以美国膝关节协会评分(AKSS)评价膝关节功能,满分200分,分为差(评分 < 120分)、可(评分120~ < 140分)、良(评分140~ < 170分)、优(评分≥170分)4个等级,膝关节功能恢复优良率=(良+优)/总例数×100%[7]

  • 采用独立样本t检验和χ2检验。

2.   结果
  • 2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);IMN组切口长度、术后下地时间、骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术中出血量、术后引流量、术后24 h患侧小腿中段周径/术前周径比值均低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。

    分组 n 手术时间/min 切口长度/cm 术后下地时间/周 骨折愈合时间/周 术中出血量/mL 术后引流量/mL 术后24 h患侧小腿中段周径/术前周径比值
    IMN组 40 104.75±15.48 4.19±0.35 9.27±2.35 19.58±4.74 74.12±9.50 58.47±7.36 1.19±0.34
    对照组 40 102.64±17.29 9.86±1.24 12.18±2.60 28.37±7.08 187.53±37.61 139.51±18.72 1.57±0.41
    t 0.58 27.83 5.25 6.52 18.49 25.48 4.51
    P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
  • IMN组并发症发生率低于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 3)。

    分组 n 延迟愈合或不愈合 感染 膝关节疼痛 切口皮缘坏死 总发生 χ2 P
    IMN组 40 1(2.50) 0(0.00) 1(2.50) 0(0.00) 2(5.00)
    对照组 40 3(7.50) 2(5.00) 3(7.50) 1(2.50) 9(22.50) 5.17 < 0.05
    合计 80 4(5.00) 2(2.50) 4(5.00) 1(1.25) 11(13.75)
  • 2组术前血清TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后1 d、3 d血清TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6水平均较术前增高(P < 0.01),但IMN组均低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 4)。

    分组 n 术前 术后1 d 术后3 d F P MS组内
    TNF-α/(ng/mL)
      IMN组 40 1.46±0.19 2.04±0.28** 2.27±0.34** 90.87 < 0.01 0.077
      对照组 40 1.39±0.23 3.25±0.37** 3.48±0.41** 440.38 < 0.01 0.119
        t 1.48 16.49 14.37
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    IL-8/(pg/mL)
      IMN组 40 8.74±1.61 11.60±2.06** 12.85±2.71** 37.57 < 0.01 4.727
      对照组 40 9.12±1.49 14.07±2.63** 16.96±3.47** 80.07 < 0.01 7.059
        t 1.10 4.68 5.90
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    IL-6/(pg/mL)
      IMN组 40 8.83±1.40 10.47±1.61** 11.93±1.85** 36.19 < 0.01 2.658
      对照组 40 9.07±1.28 13.94±2.02** 15.90±2.70** 114.09 < 0.01 4.336
        t 0.80 8.50 7.67
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
  • 2组术前血清NE、Ang-Ⅱ、Cor水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后1 d、3 d时血清NE、Ang-Ⅱ、Cor水平均较术前增高(P < 0.01),但IMN组均低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 5)。

    分组 n 术前 术后1 d 术后3 d F P MS组内
    NE/(ng/L)
    IMN组 40 221.93±25.19 257.19±29.07** 249.06±27.42** 18.33 < 0.01 743.819
      对照组 40 224.52±22.30 289.26±32.24** 274.79±30.48** 59.19 < 0.01 821.913
        t 0.49 4.67 3.97
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    Ang-Ⅱ/(ng/L)
      IMN组 40 45.28±4.41 58.60±5.72** 56.14±4.82** 79.95 < 0.01 25.133
      对照组 40 46.47±5.09 67.52±7.38** 63.35±6.27** 124.56 < 0.01 39.895
        t 1.12 6.04 5.77
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    Cor/(ng/mL)
      IMN组 40 204.07±18.16 239.37±24.64** 227.15±21.75** 27.35 < 0.01 469.993
      对照组 40 206.10±20.38 257.64±28.39** 241.24±25.47** 44.49 < 0.01 623.353
        t 0.47 3.07 2.66
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05
    组内配对t检验:与术前比较**P < 0.01
  • 2组术前血清ALP、N-MID、β-CTX水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后1周及1个月ALP、N-MID水平均较术前增高,β-CTX水平较术前降低(P < 0.01),且IMN组ALP、N-MID水平高于对照组,β-CTX水平均低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 6)。

    分组 n 术前 术后1周 术后1个月 F P MS组内
    ALP/(U/L)
      IMN组 40 60.48±7.35 78.09±9.08** 85.36±12.74** 65.73 < 0.01 99.592
      对照组 40 59.17±6.46 65.26±7.57** 76.02±10.69** 40.95 < 0.01 71.104
        t 0.85 6.86 3.55
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    N-MID/(pg/mL)
      IMN组 40 28.40±2.07 31.62±2.80** 32.47±3.04** 25.89 < 0.01 7.122
      对照组 40 27.62±2.25 29.48±2.52** 30.59±2.73** 14.33 < 0.01 6.289
        t 1.61 3.59 2.91
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    β-CTX/(pg/mL)
      IMN组 40 504.67±57.24 206.38±28.17** 187.29±26.37** 797.72 < 0.01 1 588.448
      对照组 40 498.71±51.26 369.56±40.22** 245.42±32.14** 364.69 < 0.01 1 759.405
        t 0.49 21.02 8.84
        P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    组内配对t检验:与术前比较**P < 0.01
  • 经术后6个月随访,IMN组、对照组各有1例病例脱落。IMN组术后6个月Johner-Wruhs功能评分优良率高于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 7)。

    分组 n 优良率 χ2 P
    IMN组 39 0(0.00) 2(5.13) 13(33.33) 24(61.54) 37(94.87)
    对照组 39 3(7.69) 7(17.95) 14(35.90) 15(38.46) 29(74.36) 6.30 < 0.05
    合计 78 3(3.85) 9(11.54) 27(34.62) 39(50.00) 66(84.62)
    注:已排除脱落病例
  • IMN组术后6个月膝关节功能优良率高于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 8)。

    分组 n 优良率 χ2 P
    IMN组 39 0(0.00) 1(2.56) 11(28.21) 27(69.23) 38(97.44)
    对照组 39 2(5.13) 6(15.38) 14(35.90) 17(43.59) 31(79.49) 4.52 < 0.05
    合计 78 2(2.56) 7(8.97) 25(32.05) 44(56.41) 69(88.46)
    注:已排除脱落病例
3.   讨论
  • 外科手术为治疗胫骨中下段骨折重要手段,切开复位有限接触钢板内固定、IMN均为重要治疗术式,但关于两者的治疗效果与安全性孰优孰劣临床尚存在一定争议。切开复位有限接触钢板内固定可于直视下实现解剖复位,治疗效果肯定,但笔者发现,切开复位有限接触钢板内固定手术切口较大,术中对软组织剥离较广泛,且对骨膜会造成一定破坏,手术创伤较重,也不利于术后恢复及切口愈合,增加延迟愈合或不愈合、感染、膝关节疼痛、切口皮缘坏死等并发症发生率。陈森荣等[8]研究也报道,应用切开复位有限接触钢板存在创伤重、术后骨折愈合及恢复慢的缺陷。

    随现代快速康复理念的发展,临床越来越重视手术的微创性与术后恢复情况。髓内钉技术主要是应用髓内固定原理,为长管状骨骨折提供了治疗新思路。张鑫等[9]研究证实,IMN应用于胫骨中下段骨折病人可显著减少并发症,促进功能恢复。本研究发现,IMN组切口长度、术后下地时间、骨折愈合时间均短于对照组,术中出血量、术后引流量、术后24 h患侧小腿中段周径/术前周径比值、并发症发生率均低于对照组,术后6个月踝关节、膝关节功能恢复优良率均高于对照组。这表明应用IMN治疗具有出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少、功能恢复良好等优势,符合快速康复外科理念。考虑原因为,IMN手术入路微创,可采取闭合穿钉技术,一般情况下不需切开显露骨折端,可避免对骨膜及软组织的广泛剥离,减轻手术创伤,保护骨折断端血供及骨滋养动脉,有助于骨痂形成,且扩髓处理时会产生内植骨效应,利于促进骨折愈合;对软组织剥离少,手术创伤较轻,也利于减少术中出血量与术后引流量,减轻术后患肢肿胀情况,为早期训练创造条件;同时,其力学稳定性良好,并能避免应用钢板固定造成的“应力遮挡”,也利于病人术后早期进行下肢功能锻炼与下地负重训练,促进踝关节、膝关节功能恢复;手术切口小,术中密闭性良好,术后恢复与骨折愈合快,还有助于降低延迟愈合或不愈合、感染、膝关节疼痛、切口皮缘坏死等并发症发生风险[10-11]

    此外,炎症应激反应不仅关系到病人围手术期安全,且与病人术后康复速度、康复效果等有关,在骨折复位固定治疗同时,有效控制不良炎症应激情况也为临床关注重点[12-13]。TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6均为介导应激发生进展过程的重要炎症因子,当机体产生组织损伤或炎症应激状态时,其表达可显著增高[14-16]。NE、Ang-Ⅱ、Cor均为应激激素,其增高幅度与机体应激反应程度呈显著正相关[17]。本研究发现,IMN组术后1 d、3 d血清TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6、NE、Ang-Ⅱ、Cor水平均低于对照组, 表明应用IMN治疗机体炎症应激反应较轻。推测原因可能与IMN手术切口小,对软组织剥离少,创伤轻有关。骨代谢平衡状况可对骨折断端愈合情况产生直接影响,于骨折内固定术后机体会产生代偿性骨吸收抑制与骨形成增加,骨吸收程度和骨折愈合不良风险呈正相关,骨形成强度和骨折愈合不良风险、愈合时间呈明显负相关[18]。ALP、N-MID均与成骨细胞密切相关,表达与成骨过程活跃程度呈正相关,β-CTX为破骨细胞分泌标志物,表达与破骨细胞活性度呈线性相关[19-20]。本研究发现,IMN组术后1周及1个月ALP、N-MID水平高于对照组,β-CTX水平低于对照组, 表明应用IMN治疗术后ALP、N-MID、β-CTX等骨代谢指标恢复快,也从实验室指标层面证实应用IMN治疗具有术后骨折愈合快的优势。但需注意的是,IMN手术操作存在一定难度,要求手术医生具备娴熟的手术操作技术与丰富手术经验,保证手术顺利进行;且在术中应重视断端的短缩移位与旋转,在复位时进行纠正,以保证术后肢体功能恢复效果。

    综上,IMN应用于胫骨中下段骨折病人具有出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少、功能恢复良好等优点,且机体炎症应激反应程度轻,骨代谢指标恢复快。

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