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矽肺是由于吸入大量游离于空气中的二氧化硅,造成以肺部广泛的结节性纤维化为主的粉尘病。2016年全国职业病报告显示,全国新增尘肺26 873例[1]。矽肺是尘肺中最常见、进展最快、危害最严重的一种类型。矽肺不仅损害病人身体给家庭带来沉重经济负担,还影响认知能力,严重损害生活质量。吕建宁等[2]研究发现290例尘肺病人的简易智能精神状态量表得分显著降低,尘肺病人存在轻度认知功能障碍,表现出明显的日常生活能力下降。
关于矽肺病人认知功能下降,以及解释认知功能下降的神经机制还很不清楚。一般认为肺功能障碍导致大脑的损伤可能是解释认知障碍的重要原因。为此,对于我院矽肺康复疗养的病人的评估发现,病程长的病人大多合并认知功能障碍,我们临床研究表明通过有氧运动和认知康复训练对矽肺病人认知功能改善有相关疗效。现作报道。
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治疗前,2组肺通气功能和6MWT的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组肺功能和6MWT较治疗前均有升高(P < 0.01),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n FEV1/% 6MWT/m 治疗前 有氧运动组 30 73±6.08 380±37.56 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 73±6.12 378±38.49 t — 0.00 0.20 P — >0.05 >0.05 治疗后 有氧运动组 30 80±5.76** 420±32.78** 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 79±5.92** 421±33.63** t — 0.66 0.12 P — >0.05 >0.05 组内配对t检验:与治疗前比较**P < 0.01 表 1 2组病人肺功能评价和6MWT的比较
($\overline{x}\pm s $) -
治疗前,有氧运动组和有氧运动联合认知康复训练组MMSE、MOCA、DS(正背)、DS(倒背)、CDT差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组MMSE、MOCA、DS(正背)、DS(倒背)、CDT的较治疗前均有明显改善(P < 0.01),且有氧运动联合认知康复训练组改善程度优于有氧运动组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n MMSE MOCA DS(正背) DS(倒背) 画钟实验 治疗前 有氧运动组 30 16.36±1.29 14.86±1.34 7.96±0.45 4.26±0.22 2.86±0.18 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 16.13±1.29 15.12±1.31 7.82±0.43 4.17±0.21 2.83±0.17 t — 0.69 0.76 1.23 1.62 0.66 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 治疗后 有氧运动组 30 20.04±1.42** 19.13±1.37** 8.26±0.51** 4.62±0.25** 3.23±0.19** 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 22.12±1.52** 21.21±1.43** 8.67±0.53** 4.83±0.26** 3.43±0.21** t — 5.48 5.75 3.05 3.19 3.87 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 组内配对t检验:与治疗前比较**P < 0.01 表 2 2组认知功能的比较
($\overline{x}\pm s $)
有氧训练结合认知康复对改善矽肺病人认知功能障碍的临床疗效观察
Clinical observation of the aerobic training combined with cognitive rehabilitation in improving the cognitive dysfunction of silicosis patients
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摘要:
目的探讨有氧训练结合认知康复对改善矽肺病人认知功能障碍的临床疗效。 方法采用认知功能评价对2017-2018年在宿迁市中西医结合医院康复科住院疗养的矽肺病人进行评估。选取60例合并有认知功能障碍的病人作为研究对象,随机分为单纯有氧训练组和有氧运动联合认知康复训练组。采用肺通气功能及6 min步行实验检测,同时给予认知功能:简易精神状态检查(MMSE),蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MOCA),数字广度(正背),数字广度(倒背),画钟实验(CDT)进行评估。比较训练前后变化及2组的评估变化。 结果2组治疗均能改善病人的肺通气功能及增加6 min步行实验距离(P < 0.01)。对于认知功能的改善有氧运动联合认知康复训练组要好于单纯有氧训练组(P < 0.01)。 结论有氧训练联合认知康复能改善矽肺病人认知水平,促进认知功能障碍的康复,延缓病人病情,提高病人生活质量。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effects of aerobic training combined with cognitive rehabilitation in improving the cognitive dysfunction in silicosis patients. MethodsThe cognitive function of silicosis patients hospitalized in rehabilitation department of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine hospital in Suqian from 2017 to 2018 were evaluated.Sixty patients with cognitive impairment were randomly divided into the aerobic training group and aerobic exercise combined with cognitive rehabilitation training group.The patients were examined using the pulmonary ventilation function and 6 min walking test(6MWT), and the cognitive function of patients was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment(MOCA), DigitalSpan(anterior back), DigitalSpan(posterior back), and clock-drawing test(CDT).The changes in two groups between before and after training and evaluation were compared. ResultsThe pulmonary ventilation function and 6MWT in two groups were improved after tretament(P < 0.01).The improvement of cognitive function in aerobic exercise combined with cognitive rehabilitation training group was better than that in aerobic training group(P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe aerobic training combined with cognitive rehabilitation can improve the cognitive level, promote the rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction, delay the disease, and improve the life quality of silicosis patients. -
Key words:
- silicosis /
- cognitive impairment /
- aerobic exercise /
- cognitive rehabilitation training
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表 1 2组病人肺功能评价和6MWT的比较
( )$\overline{x}\pm s $ 分组 n FEV1/% 6MWT/m 治疗前 有氧运动组 30 73±6.08 380±37.56 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 73±6.12 378±38.49 t — 0.00 0.20 P — >0.05 >0.05 治疗后 有氧运动组 30 80±5.76** 420±32.78** 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 79±5.92** 421±33.63** t — 0.66 0.12 P — >0.05 >0.05 组内配对t检验:与治疗前比较**P < 0.01 表 2 2组认知功能的比较
( )$\overline{x}\pm s $ 分组 n MMSE MOCA DS(正背) DS(倒背) 画钟实验 治疗前 有氧运动组 30 16.36±1.29 14.86±1.34 7.96±0.45 4.26±0.22 2.86±0.18 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 16.13±1.29 15.12±1.31 7.82±0.43 4.17±0.21 2.83±0.17 t — 0.69 0.76 1.23 1.62 0.66 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 治疗后 有氧运动组 30 20.04±1.42** 19.13±1.37** 8.26±0.51** 4.62±0.25** 3.23±0.19** 有氧运动联合认知康复训练组 30 22.12±1.52** 21.21±1.43** 8.67±0.53** 4.83±0.26** 3.43±0.21** t — 5.48 5.75 3.05 3.19 3.87 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 组内配对t检验:与治疗前比较**P < 0.01 -
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