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糖尿病是以机体持续高血糖为主要特征的代谢性疾病[1]。长期的高血糖,会导致各种器官组织,特别是神经、肾、心血管等的慢性损害及功能障碍。糖尿病引起的认知功能障碍也是其慢性损害之一,主要表现为学习能力下降、记忆功能减退、空间定向困难等[2]。目前,关于糖尿病认知功能障碍的发病机制尚不清楚,糖代谢紊乱、氧化应激、炎症反应等均参与其中[3]。硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)是新型气体信号分子,具有抗炎症、抗氧化等作用[4-6]。内源性H2S主要以L-半胱氨酸为底物,在胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-β-synthetase,CBS)和胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶的催化作用下产生。其中CBS主要存在于神经系统,且在海马组织中高度表达[7]。研究证据[8]显示H2S在中枢神经系统中发挥着关键性的调节作用。硫氢化钠(sodium hydrosulfide,NaHS)常作为H2S的外源性供体。研究[9]发现,外源性H2S对糖尿病引起的抑郁症具有一定的抑制作用,但是对糖尿病大鼠认知障碍影响及作用机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究通过建立糖尿病大鼠模型,观察外源性H2S对糖尿病大鼠空间学习记忆的影响,并探讨其作用机制。
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与CON组比较,STZ组和SH组大鼠FBG增加(P < 0.01),BW降低(P < 0.01)。与STZ组比较,SH组中FBG差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),BW增高(P < 0.01)。CON组和CH组FBG和BW水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n FBG/ (mmol/L) BW/g CON组 8 5.38±0.72 452.14±28.49 STZ组 8 23.46±2.15** 218.58±22.80** SH组 8 21.95±2.08** 246.61±24.52**## CH组 8 5.56±0.64##△△ 443.72±29.26##△△ F — 322.05 178.99 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 2.469 697.225 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 1 各组大鼠FBG和BW水平比较(x±s)
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与CON组大鼠比较,STZ组和SH组大鼠第3~5天的逃避潜伏期延长,且在第6天的空间探索实验中在正确象限停留时间减少,到达正确象限的潜伏期延长,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。与STZ组比较,SH组大鼠第3~5天的逃避潜伏期缩短,且在第6天的空间探索实验中在正确象限停留时间延长,到达正确象限的潜伏期缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。CH组与CON组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 逃避潜伏期/s 正确象限
停留时间/s到达正确象限的
潜伏期/s第1天 第2天 第3天 第4天 第5天 CON组 69.59±5.62 62.04±4.96 44.35±3.87 27.62±2.79 20.43±2.05 48.52±3.24 9.65±1.27 STZ组 74.52±5.21 68.35±4.89 64.01±4.50** 55.22±5.68** 52.17±4.13** 28.13±2.86** 22.64±2.38** SH组 75.47±5.17 66.72±4.83 57.61±4.75**# 43.62±4.19**# 37.50±4.36**# 39.58±3.11**# 15.27±1.46**# CH组 70.05±5.73 63.22±5.38 46.79±4.64##△△ 27.33±3.75##△△ 22.13±3.41##△△ 49.27±3.38##△△ 9.28±1.34##△△ F 2.47 2.76 34.39 81.70 136.50 78.32 111.70 P > 0.05 > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 29.570 25.200 19.830 17.920 12.970 9.943 2.801 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 2 各组大鼠Morris水迷宫行为学测试结果比较(x±s;ni=8)
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CON组大鼠海马神经元细胞核呈圆形,大而规则,未见明显的核固缩或体积缩小。STZ组大鼠海马神经元中部分出现细胞核固缩、深染及空泡变性。与STZ组比较,SH组大鼠海马区的病变相对减轻,大鼠海马神经元形态较完整,固缩变性的神经元少见。CH组大鼠海马神经元细胞核呈圆形,未见明显的核固缩和空泡(见图 1)。
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与CON组比较,CH组各项指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);STZ组海马组织中MDA含量升高,T-AOC、SOD和GSH-Px活性下降(P < 0.01)。与STZ组比较,SH组中MDA含量降低,T-AOC、SOD和GSH-Px活性增高,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 T-AOC/(U/mg) SOD/(U/mg) GSH-Px/(U/mg) MDA/(nmol/mg) CON组 25.62±2.37 143.27±18.49 95.40±9.85 4.72±0.54 STZ组 13.24±1.76** 84.63±9.73** 54.82±6.49** 8.96±1.07** SH组 19.53±2.15**# 119.86±12.21**# 77.56±8.64**# 6.53±0.85**# CH组 24.85±2.29##△△ 145.50±17.65##△△ 98.63±10.22##△△ 4.81±0.59##△△ F 56.49 28.52 40.69 50.36 P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 4.645 224.300 79.560 0.627 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 3 各组大鼠海马组织T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px和MDA水平(x±s;ni=8)
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与CON组比较,STZ组Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA表达降低;与STZ组比较,SH组Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA表达增加,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。CH组与CON组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 Nrf2/β-actin HO-1/β-actin CON组 0.98±0.10 0.97±0.11 STZ组 0.52±0.08** 0.65±0.09** SH组 0.85±0.15**## 1.25±0.16**## CH组 1.03±0.13##△△ 1.03±0.12##△△ F 30.22 32.66 P < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 0.014 0.015 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 4 各组大鼠海马组织Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA表达(x±s;ni=8)
硫化氢对糖尿病大鼠空间学习记忆和海马组织氧化应激的影响
Effects of hydrogen sulfide on spatial learning and memory and oxidative stress in hippocampus tissue of diabetic rat
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摘要:
目的 观察硫化氢(H2S)对糖尿病大鼠空间学习记忆的影响,并探讨其机制。 方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常(CON)组、糖尿病(STZ)组、糖尿病+硫氢化钠(NaHS)组(SH组)和正常+NaHS(CH)组,每组8只。采用一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法制备1型糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功4周后,SH组和CH组大鼠每天腹腔注射NaHS溶液56 μmol/kg。处理4周后,测定大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)和体质量(BW);利用Morris水迷宫测试各组大鼠的空间学习记忆能力(逃避潜伏期、正确象限停留时间和到达正确象限的潜伏期);HE染色观察海马组织病理结构改变;利用试剂盒检测海马组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测海马组织核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素氧化酶1(HO-1)mRNA表达情况。 结果 与CON组比较,CH组各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);STZ组逃避潜伏期和到达正确象限的潜伏期延长,在正确象限停留时间缩短,大鼠海马组织病理结构损伤明显,FBG和MDA含量增加,BW、T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px活性和Nrf2、HO-1 mRNA表达下降,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。与STZ组比较,除FBG外,SH组中以上各项指标均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论 H2S可以改善糖尿病大鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能与抑制海马组织氧化应激损伤、上调Nrf2/HO-1通路的表达相关。 -
关键词:
- 硫化氢 /
- 糖尿病 /
- 海马 /
- 氧化应激 /
- Nrf2/HO-1通路
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on spatial learning and memory in diabetic rats, and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Male rats were randomly divided into normal (CON) group, diabetes mellitus (STZ) group, diabetes+sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (SH) group, and normal+NaHS (CH) group, with 8 rats in each group.Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Four weeks after successfully making the model, rats in SH group and CH group were intraperitoneally injected with 56 μmol/kg NaHS solution once a day.After treatment for 4 weeks, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) were measured.Spatial learning and memory abilities including escape latency, time spent in the target quadrant, and escape latency to the target quadrant were assessed by Morris water maze.The morphology of hippocampus tissue was observed by HE staining.The levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hippocampus tissue were determined by the kits.The mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in hippocampus tissue were detected using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with the CON group, there was no significant difference in the various indexes in the CH group (P>0.05).In the STZ group, the escape latency and escape latency to the target quadrant were extended, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened (P < 0.01).The histological structure of hippocampus tissue was obviously damaged.The levels of FBG and MDA were increased (P < 0.01), whereas BW, the levels of T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px activity, and Nrf2, HO-1 mRNA expression were decreased, the difference of which was statistically significant (P < 0.01).Compared with the STZ group, except for FBG, the above indicators were markedly improved in the SH group (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Conclusions H2S attenuates cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats, the mechanism of which might be associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in hippocampus tissue. -
Key words:
- hydrogen sulfide /
- diabetes mellitus /
- hippocampus /
- oxidative stress /
- Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
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表 1 各组大鼠FBG和BW水平比较(x±s)
分组 n FBG/ (mmol/L) BW/g CON组 8 5.38±0.72 452.14±28.49 STZ组 8 23.46±2.15** 218.58±22.80** SH组 8 21.95±2.08** 246.61±24.52**## CH组 8 5.56±0.64##△△ 443.72±29.26##△△ F — 322.05 178.99 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 2.469 697.225 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 2 各组大鼠Morris水迷宫行为学测试结果比较(x±s;ni=8)
分组 逃避潜伏期/s 正确象限
停留时间/s到达正确象限的
潜伏期/s第1天 第2天 第3天 第4天 第5天 CON组 69.59±5.62 62.04±4.96 44.35±3.87 27.62±2.79 20.43±2.05 48.52±3.24 9.65±1.27 STZ组 74.52±5.21 68.35±4.89 64.01±4.50** 55.22±5.68** 52.17±4.13** 28.13±2.86** 22.64±2.38** SH组 75.47±5.17 66.72±4.83 57.61±4.75**# 43.62±4.19**# 37.50±4.36**# 39.58±3.11**# 15.27±1.46**# CH组 70.05±5.73 63.22±5.38 46.79±4.64##△△ 27.33±3.75##△△ 22.13±3.41##△△ 49.27±3.38##△△ 9.28±1.34##△△ F 2.47 2.76 34.39 81.70 136.50 78.32 111.70 P > 0.05 > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 29.570 25.200 19.830 17.920 12.970 9.943 2.801 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 3 各组大鼠海马组织T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px和MDA水平(x±s;ni=8)
分组 T-AOC/(U/mg) SOD/(U/mg) GSH-Px/(U/mg) MDA/(nmol/mg) CON组 25.62±2.37 143.27±18.49 95.40±9.85 4.72±0.54 STZ组 13.24±1.76** 84.63±9.73** 54.82±6.49** 8.96±1.07** SH组 19.53±2.15**# 119.86±12.21**# 77.56±8.64**# 6.53±0.85**# CH组 24.85±2.29##△△ 145.50±17.65##△△ 98.63±10.22##△△ 4.81±0.59##△△ F 56.49 28.52 40.69 50.36 P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 4.645 224.300 79.560 0.627 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 表 4 各组大鼠海马组织Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA表达(x±s;ni=8)
分组 Nrf2/β-actin HO-1/β-actin CON组 0.98±0.10 0.97±0.11 STZ组 0.52±0.08** 0.65±0.09** SH组 0.85±0.15**## 1.25±0.16**## CH组 1.03±0.13##△△ 1.03±0.12##△△ F 30.22 32.66 P < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 0.014 0.015 q检验:与CON组比较**P < 0.01;与STZ组比较##P < 0.01;与SH组比较△△P < 0.01 -
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