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急性心肌梗死是临床心血管内科常见病,近年来其发病率呈逐渐上升趋势。急性心肌梗死多表现为突然剧烈且持久的胸骨后抑或心前区疼痛,经休息及服用硝酸脂类药不能缓解,且可伴发心律失常、心力衰竭、休克等,严重危及病人生命[1]。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)创伤小、术后恢复快,其可直接、有效地恢复冠状动脉血流,促进病情改善,已成为目前临床急性心肌梗死的常用治疗手段,但因术后不能按时服药、不良生活习惯及焦虑抑郁等负性情绪均可导致疾病的复发,因此,PCI术后居家休养期间加强康复知识的健康教育及自我管理尤为重要[2-3]。延伸性护理是指对出院病人实施的一种延续性护理模式,一般情况下,对出院后病人进行间断性电话或家庭随访,可提高病人认知及自我管理水平,对促进疾病预后有积极作用[4],但可出现问题反馈及交流不及时等情况,影响疾病康复。近年来,随着医院数字信息化建设的发展进步,结合数字化技术与日常信息通讯设备的数字化健康教育已逐渐应用于临床护理服务中,且取得较好成效[5]。数字化健康教育延伸护理模式是指利用网络对出院病人进行健康指导,本研究特探讨此种护理模式对急性心肌梗死PCI术后居家休养病人的应用效果,旨在为临床提供更加行之有效的护理方式,以促进预后改善,现作报道。
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出院时2组病人对疾病相关知识掌握程度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出院6个月后2组病人对疾病相关知识掌握程度均评分明显高于出院时(P < 0.01),且延伸组评分明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 出院时 出院6个月后 t P 延伸组 49 9.47±2.03 15.79±1.92 15.83 < 0.01 对照组 48 9.51±2.06 12.83±1.75 8.51 < 0.01 t — 0.10 7.93 — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 — — 表 1 2组疾病知识掌握情况比较(x±s;分)
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HAMA及HAMD评分在组间、时间及交互方面差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),2组出院时的HAMA及HAMD评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),延伸组出院3个月及出院6个月的HAMA及HAMD评分均明显低于对照组(P < 0.05),2组病人出院后的HAMA及HAMD评分均随着时间的增加而降低(P < 0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n HAMA HAMD 出院时 出院3个月 出院6个月 出院时 出院3个月 出院6个月 延伸组 49 16.84±2.46 10.14±2.05* 7.96±1.83* 15.82±2.57 9.52±1.93* 7.68±1.85* 对照组 48 17.03±2.51 12.38±2.26 10.64±2.15 15.74±2.61 11.94±2.05 9.46±2.03 F — 9.63 8.54 9.17 9.33 8.42 8.97 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 组内比较:与出院时比较*P < 0.05 表 2 焦虑抑郁心理状态对比(x±s;分)
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延伸组护理依从性优良率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 优 良 差 优良 χ2 P 延伸组 49 33(67.35) 14(28.57) 2(4.08) 47(95.92) 对照组 48 27(56.25) 12(25.00) 9(18.75) 39(81.25) 5.19 < 0.05 合计 97 60(61.86) 26(26.80) 11(11.34) 86(88.66) 表 3 护理依从性对比[n;百分率(%)]
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出院6个月内,延伸组总不良事件发生率明显低于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 n 急性心肌梗死复发 出现严重心律失常 死亡 合计不良事件 χ2 P 延伸组 49 1(2.04) 1(2.04) 0(0.00) 2(4.08) 对照组 48 5(10.42) 4(8.33) 1(2.08) 10(20.83) 4.83 < 0.05 合计 97 6(6.19) 5(5.15) 1(1.03) 12(12.37) 表 4 不良事件发生情况对比[n;百分率(%)]
数字化健康教育延伸护理模式在急性心肌梗死PCI术后居家休养病人中的应用
Application effect of extended nursing model of digital health education in home rehabilitation patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI
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摘要:
目的探讨数字化健康教育延伸护理模式在急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后居家休养病人中的应用效果。 方法选取97例行PCI手术的急性心肌梗死病人,随机分为对照组(48例)及延伸组(49例)。对照组出院后给予常规护理干预,延伸组出院后给予数字化健康教育延伸护理模式干预。对比2组出院时、出院6个月后对疾病知识的掌握情况及出院时、出院3个月、出院6个月的焦虑抑郁情绪变化,并比较出院6个月内护理依从性及不良事件发生情况。 结果2组出院时对疾病相关知识掌握程度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出院6个月后对疾病相关知识掌握程度评分均明显高于出院时(P < 0.01);延伸组出院6个月后对疾病相关知识掌握程度评分均明显高于对照组(P < 0.01);汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分在组间、时间及交互方面差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),2组出院时的HAMA及HAMD评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),延伸组出院3个月及6个月的HAMA及HAMD评分均明显低于对照组(P < 0.05),2组病人出院后的HAMA及HAMD评分均随着时间的增加而降低(P < 0.05);延伸组护理依从性优良率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05);出院6个月内,延伸组总不良事件发生率明显低于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论数字化健康教育延伸护理模式可明显提高急性心肌梗死PCI术后居家休养病人认知水平,缓解不良情绪,提高护理依从性及减少不良事件的发生,具有推广应用价值。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the application effects of extended nursing model of digital health education in home recuperation patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). MethodsNinety-seven acute myocardial infarction patients treated with PCI were randomly divided into the control group(48 cases)and extension group(49 cases).The control group were treated with routine nursing intervention, while the extension group were treated with digital health education extended nursing intervention after discharge.The mastery of disease knowledge at discharge and after 6 months of discharge, and changes of anxiety and depression at discharge, and after 3 and 6 months of discharge were compared between groups.The nursing compliance and adverse events within 6 months after discharge were compared between two groups. ResultsThere was no statistical significance in the score of mastery of disease-related knowledge between two groups at discharge(P>0.05), the scores of mastery of disease-related knowledge in two groups after 6 months of discharge were significantly higher than that at discharge(P < 0.01), and the score of mastery of disease-related knowledge in extension group after 6 months of discharge was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.01).The differences of the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)among different among groups, time and interactions were statistically significant(P < 0.01), and there was no statistical significance in HAMA and HAMD scores between two groups at discharge(P>0.05).The scores of HAMA and HAMD in extension group after 3 and 6 months of discharge were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.05), and the scores of HAMA and HAMD in two groups after discharge decreased with the increasing of time(P < 0.05).The excellent and good rate of nursing compliance in extension group was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.05).The incidence rate of total adverse events in extension group within 6 months after discharge was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe application of extended nursing mode of digital health education in home recuperation patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI can significantly improve the cognitive level of patients, alleviate adverse emotion, improve nursing compliance, and reduce the occurrence of adverse events, which has the value of promotion and application. -
表 1 2组疾病知识掌握情况比较(x±s;分)
分组 n 出院时 出院6个月后 t P 延伸组 49 9.47±2.03 15.79±1.92 15.83 < 0.01 对照组 48 9.51±2.06 12.83±1.75 8.51 < 0.01 t — 0.10 7.93 — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 — — 表 2 焦虑抑郁心理状态对比(x±s;分)
分组 n HAMA HAMD 出院时 出院3个月 出院6个月 出院时 出院3个月 出院6个月 延伸组 49 16.84±2.46 10.14±2.05* 7.96±1.83* 15.82±2.57 9.52±1.93* 7.68±1.85* 对照组 48 17.03±2.51 12.38±2.26 10.64±2.15 15.74±2.61 11.94±2.05 9.46±2.03 F — 9.63 8.54 9.17 9.33 8.42 8.97 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 组内比较:与出院时比较*P < 0.05 表 3 护理依从性对比[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 优 良 差 优良 χ2 P 延伸组 49 33(67.35) 14(28.57) 2(4.08) 47(95.92) 对照组 48 27(56.25) 12(25.00) 9(18.75) 39(81.25) 5.19 < 0.05 合计 97 60(61.86) 26(26.80) 11(11.34) 86(88.66) 表 4 不良事件发生情况对比[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 急性心肌梗死复发 出现严重心律失常 死亡 合计不良事件 χ2 P 延伸组 49 1(2.04) 1(2.04) 0(0.00) 2(4.08) 对照组 48 5(10.42) 4(8.33) 1(2.08) 10(20.83) 4.83 < 0.05 合计 97 6(6.19) 5(5.15) 1(1.03) 12(12.37) -
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