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新生儿特异性和非特异性免疫功能均极为低下,其机体的各系统器官未发育成熟,更容易遭受病原微生物的入侵,已成为医院感染的高发群体[1-3];一旦发生医院感染,影响患儿健康,加重患儿家庭负担。为了有效预防新生儿医院感染,本研究对我院新生儿科2020年1-6月1 858例新生儿的临床资料进行了总结分析,探讨新生儿医院感染的危险因素,并提出相应的预防对策, 现作报道。
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1 858例新生儿中发生医院感染24例, 27例次,医院感染发病率为1.29%, 例次感染发病率1.45%。医院感染部位为呼吸道感染12例次,占44.44%;血液感染10例次,占37.04%;胃肠道4例次,占14.81%;口腔感染1例次,占3.70%。
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27例次医院感染病例共检出病原菌19株,主要为鲍曼不动杆菌7株,占36.84%,大肠埃希菌4株,占21.05%,其次真菌3株,占15.79%(见表 1)。
病原菌 n 构成比/% 鲍曼不动杆菌 7 36.84 大肠埃希菌 4 21.05 真菌 3 15.79 轮状病毒 1 5.26 肺炎克雷伯菌 1 5.26 表皮葡萄球菌 1 5.26 浅黄金色单胞菌 1 5.26 恶臭假单胞菌 1 5.26 合计 19 100.00 表 1 27例次新生儿医院感染病原菌分布
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1 858例患儿中,男1 104例,女754例。行气管插管129例,发生医院感染9例,感染发病率为6.98%;未插管者1 729例,发生医院感染15例,感染发病率为0.87%。不同性别新生儿医院感染发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。行气管插管患儿发生医院感染率高于无气管插管者(P<0.01),随着出生体质量增加,医院感染率降低(P<0.01)(见表 2)。
影响因素 n 医院感染 χ2 P 性别 男
女1 104
75414(1.27)
10(1.33)0.01 >0.05 气管插管 是
否129
1 7299(6.98)
15(0.87)35.14 <0.01 出生体质量/g ≤1 000 3 3(100.00) 70.94 <0.01 1 001~1 500 45 5(11.11) 1 501~2 500 264 11(4.17) >2 500 1 546 5(0.32) 表 2 不同性别、气管插管、出生体质量患儿与医院感染发病率的关系[n;百分率(%)]
新生儿医院感染的危险因素分析与预防对策
Risk factors analysis and preventive measures of neonatal nosocomial infection
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摘要:
目的分析某院新生儿病房引起医院感染相关危险因素,制定有效的预防控制措施。 方法采用主动监测方法,对某院2020年1-6月入住新生儿病房的1 858例患儿资料进行目标性监测,对监测结果资料进行统计与分析,提出医院感染相应预防对策。 结果1 858例中发生医院感染24例,27例次,医院感染发病率1.29%,例次医院感染发病率1.45%;医院感染部位以呼吸道感染为主,占44.44%,其次为血液感染,占37.04%;27例次医院感染病例共检出病原菌19株,以鲍曼不动杆菌为主(7株,占36.84%),其次是大肠埃希菌(4株,占21.05%)。不同性别患儿医院感染发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。新生儿气管插管组发生医院感染率高于非气管插管组(P<0.01),随着出生体质量增加,医院感染率降低(P<0.01)。 结论低体质量儿和气管插管是新生儿医院感染的高危因素,因此在临床上要加强对新生儿病房的管理、严格无菌技术操作、掌握置管指征,并且对其危险因素采取预防措施,以减少医院感染的发生。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics and related risk factors of nosocomial infection in the neonatal ward of a hospital, and formulate effective preventive and control measures. MethodsUsing the active monitoring method, the clinical data of 1 858 children hospitalized from January to June 2020 were subjectively monitored, and the monitoring results were statistically analyzed to put forward to corresponding preventive measures of nosocomial infection. ResultsAmong 1 858 neonatal cases, the nosocomial infection in 24 cases(27 times) was found, and the incidence rates of nosocomial infection case and time were 1.29% and 1.45%, respectively.The respiratory tract infection was the main infection(accounting for 44.44%), followed by blood infection(accounting for 37.04%).A total of 19 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 27 times of nosocomial infection, mainly included Acinetobacter baumannii(7 strains, 36.84%), followed by Escherichia coli(4 strains, 21.05%).There was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of nosocomial infection among different gender children(P>0.05).The nosocomial infection rate in neonatal endotracheal intubation group was higher than that in non-endotracheal intubation group(P < 0.01).With the increasing of birth mass, the nosocomial infection rate decreased(P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe low-weight infants and endotracheal intubation are the high risk factors of neonatal nosocomial infection.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of neonatal ward, strictly operate aseptic technique, grasp the indication of catheterization and take preventive measures for its risk factors to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection. -
Key words:
- neonatal disease /
- nosocomial infection /
- risk factors /
- preventive measures
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表 1 27例次新生儿医院感染病原菌分布
病原菌 n 构成比/% 鲍曼不动杆菌 7 36.84 大肠埃希菌 4 21.05 真菌 3 15.79 轮状病毒 1 5.26 肺炎克雷伯菌 1 5.26 表皮葡萄球菌 1 5.26 浅黄金色单胞菌 1 5.26 恶臭假单胞菌 1 5.26 合计 19 100.00 表 2 不同性别、气管插管、出生体质量患儿与医院感染发病率的关系[n;百分率(%)]
影响因素 n 医院感染 χ2 P 性别 男
女1 104
75414(1.27)
10(1.33)0.01 >0.05 气管插管 是
否129
1 7299(6.98)
15(0.87)35.14 <0.01 出生体质量/g ≤1 000 3 3(100.00) 70.94 <0.01 1 001~1 500 45 5(11.11) 1 501~2 500 264 11(4.17) >2 500 1 546 5(0.32) -
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