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乳腺癌是最常见的女性恶性肿瘤之一,在欧洲,由于早期发现、早期治疗,乳腺癌的死亡率已经下降了8%[1]。乳腺癌生存期的不断提升使得肿瘤医生将其作为一种慢性病进行处理。淋巴结的处理是乳腺癌手术治疗的重要步骤。如果清扫腋窝淋巴结,淋巴管被切开,会使淋巴回流受阻,导致组织中蛋白质和液体积聚。渐进式的上肢淋巴水肿可导致患肢功能障碍、睡眠障碍及不可逆的病理反应,病情进一步恶化[2]。乳腺癌术后的淋巴水肿是困扰病人的棘手难题。综合消肿理疗(complex decongestive therapy, CDT)目前被认定为乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿的标准综合治疗方案[3],包括手法淋巴引流、加压治疗、运动锻炼、细致皮肤护理4个部分及门诊治疗和家庭护理两个阶段。国内研究[4-5]数据表明,综合消肿治疗可改善患侧水肿程度,改善肢体运动功能。但综合消肿治疗对于哪类病人可以获益更多,如何挑选合适的病人治疗仍是临床治疗上面对的问题。我院普通外科自2017年9月起开展乳腺专科淋巴水肿护理门诊,本研究通过收集相关病人的临床资料,评价CDT治疗淋巴水肿的临床疗效,旨在为淋巴水肿的治疗方式选择提供参考。
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73例病人平均治疗时间为(13.8±4.3)d,治疗前后体积减少量为(243±43)mL。其中仅1例病人,治疗前后体积无改变,余病人体积减少量均>43 mL。73例病人经过规范治疗后,上肢5处测量点周径均小于治疗前(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
时间 n 虎口 前臂最大处 手肘处 肘横纹上8 cm 腋窝 治疗前 73 18.32±1.55 26.53±3.13 25.85±2.73 29.15±3.16 29.82±2.98 治疗后 73 17.83±1.18 24.77±2.37 24.38±1.93 27.74±2.41 29.11±2.65 t — 5.93 10.32 8.32 9.23 7.78 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 1 患肢周径治疗前后情况的比较(x±s;cm)
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73例病人上肢5处测量点周径减少的数值与治疗时间呈正相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
指标 虎口 前臂最大处 手肘处 肘横纹上8 cm 腋窝 体积 r 0.285 0.557 0.557 0.584 0.450 0.652 P < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 患肢周径和体积减少的数值与治疗时间的关系
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73例病人不同BMI、患侧和病程下治疗前后体积减少的数值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 虎口/cm 前臂最大/cm 手肘/cm 肘上/cm 腋窝/cm 体积/cm3 BMI/(kg/m2) < 24 35 0.34±0.45 1.52±1.51 1.23±1.54 1.25±1.26 0.62±0.79 264±39 ≥24 38 0.64±0.88 1.98±1.39 1.69±1.46 1.57±1.35 0.78±0.76 223±41 t — 1.81 1.35 0.89 1.12 1.46 1.79 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 患侧 左侧 30 0.46±0.55 1.55±1.54 1.62±1.57 1.65±1.41 0.65±1.21 254±48 右侧 43 0.53±0.39 1.90±1.35 1.34±1.35 1.33±1.21 0.76±0.96 235±39 t — 0.64 1.26 1.52 1.15 1.27 0.84 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 病程/年 < 2 42 0.52±0.58 1.85±1.48 1.55±1.51 1.49±1.07 0.78±0.97 267±47 ≥2 31 0.47±0.41 1.63±1.41 1.36±1.29 1.24±1.43 0.62±1.11 210±39 t — 1.05 1.39 1.30 1.20 0.66 1.85 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 3 不同BMI、位置和病程下治疗效果的比较(x±s)
综合消肿理疗应用于淋巴水肿治疗的疗效评估
Efficacy evaluation of complex decongestive therapy in the treatment of lymphedema
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摘要:
目的评估综合消肿理疗对于乳腺癌相关性淋巴水肿的治疗效果。 方法选取2017年9月至2018年11月苏州大学附属第二医院治疗的73例淋巴水肿的乳腺癌术后病人,所有病人都接受统一的综合消肿理疗,采用上肢周径测量法测量患肢水肿处的周径,计算患肢体积。评估治疗前后患肢周径减少程度、治疗效果与治疗时间的关系,分析体质量指数、患侧和淋巴水肿病程对治疗疗效的影响。 结果经过综合消肿理疗,73例病人患肢所测量处的周径均较治疗前明显减少(P < 0.01),患肢测量处周径减少的程度与治疗时间呈正相关(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。不同体质量指数、患侧和淋巴水肿病程对淋巴水肿的治疗效果影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论综合消肿理疗可明显改善患肢水肿,且足疗程的治疗可明显提高治疗效果,是乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿有效的治疗方式。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of complex decongestive therapy(CDT) on breast cancer-related lymphedema. MethodsA total of 73 patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from September 2017 to November 2018 were treated with CDT.The circumference and diameter of affected limb edema were measured by upper limb circumference and diameter measurement, and the volume of affected limb was calculated.The reducing degree of circumference and diameter of affected limb were evaluated after treatment.The relationship between treatment effect and duration, body mass index, and effects of affected side and course of lymphedema on the therapeutic effects were analyzed. ResultsAfter CDT, the circumference and diameter of affected limb in 73 cases significantly decreased compared with before treatment(P < 0.01), and the reducing degree of circumference and diameter of affected limb were positively correlated with duration of disease(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The differences of the effects of different body mass index, affected side and course of lymphedema on therapeutic effect of lymphedema were not statistically significant(P>0.05). ConclusionsCDT can significantly improve the affected limb edema, and the treatment of full course can significantly improve the treatment effect.CDT is an effective treatment for lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. -
Key words:
- breast neoplasms /
- complex decongestive therapy /
- lymphedema
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表 1 患肢周径治疗前后情况的比较(x±s;cm)
时间 n 虎口 前臂最大处 手肘处 肘横纹上8 cm 腋窝 治疗前 73 18.32±1.55 26.53±3.13 25.85±2.73 29.15±3.16 29.82±2.98 治疗后 73 17.83±1.18 24.77±2.37 24.38±1.93 27.74±2.41 29.11±2.65 t — 5.93 10.32 8.32 9.23 7.78 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 患肢周径和体积减少的数值与治疗时间的关系
指标 虎口 前臂最大处 手肘处 肘横纹上8 cm 腋窝 体积 r 0.285 0.557 0.557 0.584 0.450 0.652 P < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 3 不同BMI、位置和病程下治疗效果的比较(x±s)
分组 n 虎口/cm 前臂最大/cm 手肘/cm 肘上/cm 腋窝/cm 体积/cm3 BMI/(kg/m2) < 24 35 0.34±0.45 1.52±1.51 1.23±1.54 1.25±1.26 0.62±0.79 264±39 ≥24 38 0.64±0.88 1.98±1.39 1.69±1.46 1.57±1.35 0.78±0.76 223±41 t — 1.81 1.35 0.89 1.12 1.46 1.79 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 患侧 左侧 30 0.46±0.55 1.55±1.54 1.62±1.57 1.65±1.41 0.65±1.21 254±48 右侧 43 0.53±0.39 1.90±1.35 1.34±1.35 1.33±1.21 0.76±0.96 235±39 t — 0.64 1.26 1.52 1.15 1.27 0.84 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 病程/年 < 2 42 0.52±0.58 1.85±1.48 1.55±1.51 1.49±1.07 0.78±0.97 267±47 ≥2 31 0.47±0.41 1.63±1.41 1.36±1.29 1.24±1.43 0.62±1.11 210±39 t — 1.05 1.39 1.30 1.20 0.66 1.85 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 -
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