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随着近年来在细胞和分子水平对肿瘤认识的不断加深,肿瘤微环境在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用日益受到关注,与之相关的肿瘤治疗策略的不断更新改善,肿瘤微环境已逐渐成为医学领域的研究热点之一。肿瘤微环境最早于1993年提出,作为肿瘤发生,发展直接所处的环境,除为肿瘤提供基本生长条件外,还在肿瘤细胞耐药和抑制宿主免疫功能等机制中发挥重要作用[1]。肿瘤发生早期时,微环境生化组分发生改变,极易形成乏氧状态,形成乏氧微环境;而乏氧微环境又在早期肿瘤恶化中扮演重要角色,促进肿瘤细胞加速增殖,产生耐药和免疫逃逸,甚至在肿瘤扩散、转移和肿瘤复发中也发挥着很大作用[2]。因此,对肿瘤乏氧微环境进行深入研究有助于加深对肿瘤细胞与微环境关系的深入理解,发展合理的肿瘤治疗手段和策略,为改善肿瘤预后奠定基础,具有重要的理论与临床价值。本文将从肿瘤细胞代谢出发,概述乏氧微环境对肿瘤发生、发展的影响,并介绍近年来相关治疗策略进展。
乏氧微环境影响肿瘤发生发展的研究进展
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