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手足口病是一种以EV-A71型、CV-A16型、CV-A6型病毒感染为主的儿童常见急性传染病,为我国丙类传染病[1],该病由于具有传染性强、传播途径多的特点,极易暴发或流行。该病的主要症状集中在手、脚及口腔,因此而得名。少数重症患儿可存在脑膜炎、肺水肿、循环障碍甚至死亡等[2-4]。EV-A71被认为是一种重要的新兴公共卫生威胁,目前尚未发现有效的治疗药物,而2016年于我国正式上市的EV-A71疫苗是目前唯一可用于预防手足口病的疫苗。但由于上市时间较短,该疫苗预防儿童手足口病及预防EV-A71病毒感染的有效性研究较少,因此,本研究探讨EV-A71疫苗接种预防儿童手足口病的有效性。现作报道。
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接种组EV-A71感染率明显低于未接种组(P < 0.01);在CV-A16、CV-A6及其他感染方面,接种组与未接种组感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n EV-A71感染 CV-A16感染 CV-A6感染 其他感染 接种组 122 5(4.10) 45(36.89) 33(27.05) 39(31.97) 未接种组 178 44(24.72) 50(28.09) 40(22.47) 44(24.72) χ2 — 22.52 2.59 0.82 1.90 P — < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 1 2组患儿病毒感染情况比较[n;百分率(%)]
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接种1剂EV-A71疫苗的患儿EV-A71感染率高于接种2剂的患儿(P < 0.05);接种1剂EV-A71疫苗的患儿CV-A16、CV-A6及其他感染率与接种2剂的患儿感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n EV-A71感染 CV-A16感染 CV-A6感染 其他感染 接种1剂 63 5(7.94) 20(31.75) 18(28.57) 20(31.75) 接种2剂 59 0(0.00) 25(42.37) 15(25.42) 19(32.20) χ2 — 4.88 1.48 1.15 0.00 P — < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 2 剂次对各类病毒感染患病情况影响[n;百分率(%)]
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接种疫苗后EV-A71病毒感染患病的严重程度与未接种疫苗者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 轻度 重度 死亡 合计 u P 接种组 5 5 0 0 5 1.48 >0.05 未接种组 44 25 17 2 44 合计 49 30 17 2 49 表 3 EV-A71感染患儿中接种组及未接种组患病情况比较(n)
EV-A71疫苗接种预防儿童手足口病有效性分析
Effectiveness analysis of EV-A71 vaccination against hand-foot-mouth disease in children
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摘要:
目的 分析EV-A71疫苗接种预防儿童手足口病与EV-A71病毒感染的有效性。 方法 选取发病年龄0.5~6.0岁的300例手足口病儿童作为研究对象,分为接种组122例,未接种组178例。采集患儿的咽拭子和/或粪便进行EV-A71、CV-A16、CV-A6肠道病毒核酸检测。统计EV-A71疫苗与各类型病毒感染手足口病的相关情况。 结果 接种组EV-A71感染率明显低于未接种组(P < 0.01);在CV-A16、CV-A6及其他感染方面,接种组与未接种组感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接种1剂EV-A71疫苗的患儿EV-A71感染率高于接种2剂的患儿(P < 0.05);接种1剂EV-A71疫苗的患儿CV-A16、CV-A6及其他感染率与接种2剂的患儿感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接种疫苗后EV-A71病毒感染患病的严重程度与未接种疫苗者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 全剂次预防性EV-A71疫苗接种是EV-A71病毒感染引起的手足口病的保护因素,但与其他病毒感染引起的手足口病无关。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the effectiveness of EV-A71 vaccination in preventing hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) and EV-A71 virus infection in children. Methods Three hundred children with HFMD at 0.5-6.0 years old were divided into the the vaccination group(122 cases) and unvaccination group(178 cases). The nucleic acid of EV-A71, CV-A16 and CV-A6 enterovirus were detected using the throat swabs and/or feces of children. The correlation between EV-A71 vaccine and various types of virus infection of HAND were analyzed. Results The EV-A71 infection rate in vaccination group was significantly lower than that in unvaccination group(P < 0.01). The differences of the CV-A16, CV-A6 and other infection between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The EV-A71 infection rate in children vaccinated with one dose of EV-A71 vaccine was higher than that in children vaccinated with two doses(P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the CV-A16, CV-A6 and other infection rates between children vaccinated with one dose of EV-A71 vaccine and those vaccinated with two doses(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the severity of EV-A71 virus infection between patients with vaccination and patients without vaccination(P>0.05). Conclusions Full-dose prophylactic EV-A71 vaccination is a protective factor for HFMD caused by EV-A71 virus infection, but not for HFMD caused by other virus infections. -
Key words:
- hand-foot-mouth disease /
- EV-A71 vaccine /
- virus infections
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表 1 2组患儿病毒感染情况比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n EV-A71感染 CV-A16感染 CV-A6感染 其他感染 接种组 122 5(4.10) 45(36.89) 33(27.05) 39(31.97) 未接种组 178 44(24.72) 50(28.09) 40(22.47) 44(24.72) χ2 — 22.52 2.59 0.82 1.90 P — < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 2 剂次对各类病毒感染患病情况影响[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n EV-A71感染 CV-A16感染 CV-A6感染 其他感染 接种1剂 63 5(7.94) 20(31.75) 18(28.57) 20(31.75) 接种2剂 59 0(0.00) 25(42.37) 15(25.42) 19(32.20) χ2 — 4.88 1.48 1.15 0.00 P — < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 3 EV-A71感染患儿中接种组及未接种组患病情况比较(n)
分组 n 轻度 重度 死亡 合计 u P 接种组 5 5 0 0 5 1.48 >0.05 未接种组 44 25 17 2 44 合计 49 30 17 2 49 -
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