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银屑病是一种常见的慢性皮肤病,除了累及皮肤外,合并症的风险也很高,包括银屑病关节炎、克罗恩病、恶性肿瘤、肥胖症和心血管疾病,对病人的生活质量造成重大影响[1]。虽然银屑病的发病机制仍未完全阐明,但Th17细胞已被认为在银屑病免疫炎症中起关键作用[2];相反,调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell, Treg)主要负责抑制免疫炎症反应,其数量和功能缺陷也参与银屑病的发病[3-4]。双氢青蒿素(dihydroartemisinin, DHA)近年来备受关注,具有强大的药用价值,其对自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤的治疗具有强效作用,且无明显不良反应[5]。DHA抑制MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠脾细胞中Toll样受体4信号转导通路的激活和Ⅰ型干扰素和抗ds-DNA的产生,以改善狼疮性肾炎的病理损伤[6]。DHA通过调节哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(mammalian marget of rapamycin, mTOR)途径下调Th17细胞,上调Treg细胞,从而抑制实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE) 的发生[7]。此外,DHA衍生物DC32通过抑制IL-6恢复Th17/Treg平衡,从而抑制类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 滑膜炎中的免疫系统失衡和淋巴细胞浸润[8]。然而,DHA对银屑病的作用鲜有报道。基于以上研究,我们推测DHA对银屑病具有治疗作用,并基于Th17/Treg平衡角度初步探讨DHA调控银屑病的作用机制,为银屑病提供新的治疗药物。
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Control组小鼠皮肤外观正常,Model组小鼠出现红斑、鳞屑和皮肤增厚,DHA治疗后皮损改善(见图 1);治疗6 d后,DHA-L和DHA-H组的评分均明显低于未用DHA的Model组(P < 0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n PASI评分 F P MS组内 Model组 6 8.83±1.47 11.45 < 0.01 1.761 DHA-L组 6 6.83±1.47* DHA-H组 6 5.17±0.98*# q检验:与Model组比较*P < 0.05;与DHA-L组比较#P < 0.05 表 1 各组小鼠6d后PASI评分比较(x±s)
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组织病理学分析显示,与Control组相比,Model组小鼠的表皮增厚、角化过度、表皮突延长、毛细血管扩张和充血以及细胞浸润明显增多。与Model组小鼠相比,接受DHA治疗的小鼠皮肤病理逐渐恢复,表皮厚度和Baker评分下降(P < 0.05);此外,免疫组织化学染色显示,与Model组小鼠相比,DHA-L组和DHA-H组表皮Ki67阳性细胞均减少(P < 0.05)(见图 2、表 2)。
分组 n 表皮厚度/μm Baker评分/分 Ki67阳性细胞数/个 Control组 6 20.17±3.54 0.17±0.26 40.33±8.19 Model组 6 103.17±10.72* 6.58±0.58* 277.00±37.17* DHA-L组 6 62.17±9.49*# 4.50±0.84*# 182.17±17.80*# DHA-H组 6 50.17±7.65*#▲ 3.83±0.82*# 158.00±17.03*# F — 102.79 96.61 110.61 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 69.067 0.444 514.008 q检验:与Control组比较*P < 0.05;与Model组比较#P < 0.05;与DHA-L组比较▲P < 0.05 表 2 各组小鼠表皮厚度、Baker评分及表皮Ki67阳性细胞数比较(x±s)
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与Control组相比,Model组小鼠脾Th17细胞比例升高(P < 0.05),DHA治疗降低了Th17细胞比例,DHA-L和DHA-H组均较Model组降低(P < 0.05);与Model组相比,DHA-L组和DHA-H组小鼠脾Treg细胞比例升高(P < 0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n Th17细胞/% Treg细胞/% Control组 6 0.67±0.25 5.15±1.62 Model组 6 1.64±0.60* 7.02±3.02 DHA-L组 6 1.24±0.49*# 9.48±0.98*# DHA-H组 6 0.91±0.18*# 10.78±2.14*# F — 6.07 8.78 P — < 0.05 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.175 4.321 q检验:与Control组比较*P < 0.05;与Model组比较#P < 0.05 表 3 各组小鼠脾Th17细胞和Treg细胞比例比较(x±s)
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与Control组相比,Model组血清IL-17A和TNF-α水平均升高(P < 0.05);与Model组相比,DHA-L组和DHA-H组血清IL-17A水平均降低(P < 0.05),而DHA-H组血清TNF-α水平降低(P < 0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 n IL-17A/(pg/mL) TNF-α/(pg/mL) Control组 6 9.59±1.39 52.76±16.45 Model组 6 30.89±3.45* 207.63±36.95* DHA-L组 6 15.34±2.16*# 180.64±23.66* DHA-H组 6 12.87±1.42*# 155.78±21.02*# F — 107.50 41.70 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 4.978 659.264 q检验:与Control组比较*P < 0.05;与Model组比较#P < 0.05 表 4 各组小鼠血清IL-17A和TNF-α水平比较(x±s)
双氢青蒿素通过调节Th17/Treg平衡改善银屑病小鼠皮损机制研究
Dihydroartemisinin alleviates skin lesions in mouse of psoriasis by regulating Th17/Treg balance
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摘要:
目的验证双氢青蒿素(DHA)是否能改善咪喹莫特(IMQ)诱导的银屑病小鼠皮损, 并探讨其可能的机制。 方法24只雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组(Control组)、模型组(Model组)、25 mg/kg DHA治疗组(DHA-L组)、50 mg/kg DHA治疗组(DHA-H组),每组6只。每天观测小鼠皮肤变化并进行PASI评分。连续给药6 d,取小鼠皮肤进行HE染色和Ki67免疫组织化学染色;流式细胞仪检测小鼠脾Th17细胞和调节性T细胞(Treg);ELISA检测小鼠血清白细胞介素17A(IL-17A)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。 结果IMQ成功诱导银屑病小鼠模型,DHA治疗后小鼠皮损改善,组织病理学改善,DHA-L和DHA-H组PASI评分及Ki67阳性细胞数量均低于Model组(P < 0.05);Model组脾Th17细胞比例较Control组升高(P < 0.05),DHA-L组和DHA-H组均较Model组降低(P < 0.05);DHA-L组和DHA-H组脾Treg细胞比例较Model组升高(P < 0.05);Model组血清IL-17A和TNF-α水平均较Control组升高(P < 0.05),与Model组相比,血清IL-17A水平在DHA-L和DHA-H组均降低(P < 0.05),而血清TNF-α水平仅DHA-H组降低(P < 0.05)。 结论DHA可以改善IMQ诱导的银屑病小鼠皮损,其机制可能和调节Th17/Treg细胞平衡有关。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate whether dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can improve the skin lesions in mouse model of psoriasis induced by imiquimod (IMQ) and to further explore its mechanism. MethodsA total of 24 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, DHA-L group (treated with 25 mg/kg DHA), and DHA-H group (treated with 50 mg/kg DHA), with 6 mice in each group.The skin lesions were observed every day and eavaluated by PASI score.After 6 days of continuous DHA therapy, the skin morphology was examined by HE staining and subjected to immunohistochemical staining with Ki67.The Th17 cells and Treg cells in spleen were investigated by flow cytometry, and interleukin-17A(IL-17A) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were detected by ELISA. ResultsThe psoriatic mouse model was successfully induced by IMQ.After DHA treatment, both the skin lesions and pathological changes were improved, and the PASI score and Ki67 positive cells in the DHA-L and DHA-H groups were lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05).The proportion of splenic Th17 cells in the model group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the proportion of Th17 cells in the DHA-L and DHA-H groups were lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05).The proportion of splenic Treg cells in the DHA-H group was higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05).The levels of IL-17A and TNF-α in the model group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).The levels of IL-17A in the DHA-L and DHA-H groups were lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05), while the levels of TNF-α were lower only in the DHA-H group (P < 0.05). ConclusionsDHA can alleviate IMQ-induced skin lesions in mouse of psoriasis, and its mechanism may be related to regulating Th17/Treg cells balance. -
Key words:
- psoriasis /
- dihydroartemisinin /
- imiquimod /
- Th17 cells /
- regulatory T cells
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表 1 各组小鼠6d后PASI评分比较(x±s)
分组 n PASI评分 F P MS组内 Model组 6 8.83±1.47 11.45 < 0.01 1.761 DHA-L组 6 6.83±1.47* DHA-H组 6 5.17±0.98*# q检验:与Model组比较*P < 0.05;与DHA-L组比较#P < 0.05 表 2 各组小鼠表皮厚度、Baker评分及表皮Ki67阳性细胞数比较(x±s)
分组 n 表皮厚度/μm Baker评分/分 Ki67阳性细胞数/个 Control组 6 20.17±3.54 0.17±0.26 40.33±8.19 Model组 6 103.17±10.72* 6.58±0.58* 277.00±37.17* DHA-L组 6 62.17±9.49*# 4.50±0.84*# 182.17±17.80*# DHA-H组 6 50.17±7.65*#▲ 3.83±0.82*# 158.00±17.03*# F — 102.79 96.61 110.61 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 69.067 0.444 514.008 q检验:与Control组比较*P < 0.05;与Model组比较#P < 0.05;与DHA-L组比较▲P < 0.05 表 3 各组小鼠脾Th17细胞和Treg细胞比例比较(x±s)
分组 n Th17细胞/% Treg细胞/% Control组 6 0.67±0.25 5.15±1.62 Model组 6 1.64±0.60* 7.02±3.02 DHA-L组 6 1.24±0.49*# 9.48±0.98*# DHA-H组 6 0.91±0.18*# 10.78±2.14*# F — 6.07 8.78 P — < 0.05 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.175 4.321 q检验:与Control组比较*P < 0.05;与Model组比较#P < 0.05 表 4 各组小鼠血清IL-17A和TNF-α水平比较(x±s)
分组 n IL-17A/(pg/mL) TNF-α/(pg/mL) Control组 6 9.59±1.39 52.76±16.45 Model组 6 30.89±3.45* 207.63±36.95* DHA-L组 6 15.34±2.16*# 180.64±23.66* DHA-H组 6 12.87±1.42*# 155.78±21.02*# F — 107.50 41.70 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 4.978 659.264 q检验:与Control组比较*P < 0.05;与Model组比较#P < 0.05 -
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