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急危重症胰腺炎(SAP)是临床常见的急腹症,其病情发展迅猛,病死率极高,且SAP常常会并发肠屏障功能受损,引起肠道菌群或内毒素移位,造成胰腺外感染, 启动全身炎症反应,引起机体多器官功能障碍[1-2]。有学者[3]认为,SAP的最重要的治疗干预措施就是预防其并发症的发生,尤其是并发的肠功能障碍。腺苷作为遍布人体细胞的内源性核苷,对全身多个系统都具有调节作用,腺苷及其类似物能够扩张肠道血管,增加肠血流量,腺苷可通过受体介导参与肠道血管的扩张[4]。SAP并发肠屏障功能障碍主要与肠道缺血再灌注损伤有关,SAP发生时,会引起肠道血管强烈收缩,导致肠道血流量减少,从而导致肠黏膜的缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)[5]。本研究观察大鼠SAP肠屏障损伤时小肠组织的形态学变化,并给予腺苷干预以研究其对大鼠SAP肠屏障损伤的保护作用,进一步探讨其相关的线粒体保护机制。现作报道。
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SAP组造模成功后,抽血送检血清胰腺淀粉酶,发现0~12 h随时间延长,SAP组40只大鼠胰淀粉酶逐渐升高,且12 h达到高峰,24 h下降至最低,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
时间点 n 血清胰淀粉酶/(U/L) 0 h 8 100±1.36 3 h 8 242±2.27** 6 h 8 264±2.7**△△ 12 h 8 496±4.99**△△## 24 h 8 151±1.54**△△##◇◇ F — 22 860.40 P — < 0.01 MS组内 — 8.142 q检验:与0 h比较**P < 0.01;与3 h比较△△P < 0.01;与6 h比较##P < 0.01;与12 h比较◇◇P < 0.01 表 1 血清胰淀粉酶在不同时间点的水平变化(x±s)
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肉眼观察:假手术组胰腺组织无明显变化,SAP组胰腺可见片状坏死,胰周及网膜出现点状、块状皂化斑,并伴有大量血性腹水。
光镜下观察:SAP组3、6 h可见胰腺间质扩张充血,伴有少量的炎细胞浸润,12 h胰腺小叶、胰管大面积出血坏死,分叶结构模糊,伴有大量的炎细胞浸润及纤维素渗出。24 h胰腺出血坏死区明显减少,小叶纤维组织及小胰管增生明显,表现出明显的修复作用,且血清胰淀粉酶在12 h升高最为显著,这些也都间接提示12 h损伤最为严重,所以我们选取12 h组给药后进行后续观察。与SAP组比较,Ade-Ⅳ组肉眼可见血性腹水明显减少,胰腺充血、水肿等较SAP组减轻,有少量血性腹水,未发现钙化斑。小肠蠕动良好。光镜下观察SAP组可见小肠黏膜固有层充血、水肿,柱状上皮细胞坏死脱落,绒毛增粗水肿,排列紊乱,部分绒毛出现断裂、缺损; 与SAP组比较,Ade-Ⅳ组光镜下肠黏膜上皮及绒毛形态基本完整,绒毛排列基本整齐(见图 1~3)。
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大鼠SAP造成了小肠组织的线粒体损伤,主要为线粒体肿胀,部分出现空泡变性,而腺苷组可见线粒体肿胀减轻,空泡变性减少,线粒体损伤较前者明显减轻(见图 4)。
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线粒体520 nm处的吸光度为CsA组 < Ade-Ⅳ组 < SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n 线粒体吸光度值减少的百分比 SAP组 8 37.15±2.18 CsA组 8 10.00±1.31** Ade- Ⅳ组 8 19.63±1.41**△△ F — 537.71 P — < 0.01 MS组内 — 2.819 q检验:与SAP组比较**P < 0.01;与CsA组比较△△P < 0.01 表 2 腺苷对mPTP开放的影响(x±s)
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与SAP组(4637.75±193.42)比较,Ade-Ⅳ组P-GSK-3β(10 128.88±591.82)的表达明显增加(t=24.95,P < 0.01)。
腺苷抑制GSK-3β活性对大鼠急危重症胰腺炎肠屏障功能障碍的影响
Effect of adenosine inhibition of GSK-3β activity on intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats with severe acute pancreatitis
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摘要:
目的研究腺苷对大鼠急危重症胰腺炎(SAP)肠屏障功能障碍(IBD)的保护途径。 方法将64只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组8只、SAP组40只(分为0、3、6、12、24 h不同时间点处理组,每组8只)、腺苷处理组(Ade-Ⅳ组)8只、线粒体膜通透性转移孔(mPTP)抑制剂环孢素A(CsA)组8只。大鼠SAP造模完成后,血清胰淀粉酶升高及镜下胰腺组织病理学改变提示造模成功,HE染色观察大鼠小肠组织损伤情况,Western blotting法检测大鼠小肠组织P-GSK-3β表达水平,应用电镜观察小肠线粒体超微结构的变化,采用差速离心法分离线粒体,并在Ca2+诱导下完成线粒体肿胀实验。 结果大鼠SAP造模成功后,SAP组40只大鼠血清胰腺淀粉酶水平随着0~12 h时间点的延长逐渐升高,且12 h达到高峰,24 h下降至最低点,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01);切片染色观察,SAP组小肠黏膜充血、水肿,并伴有柱状上皮细胞坏死,甚至出现部分绒毛的断裂、缺损,而Ade-Ⅳ组肠黏膜上皮及绒毛形态基本完整,绒毛排列基本整齐;P-GSK-3β的表达,Ade-Ⅳ组较SAP组显著增加(P < 0.01);小肠线粒体超微结构在SAP组肿胀明显,还出现了空泡变性,而Ade-Ⅳ组肿胀程度减轻,空泡变性减少;线粒体肿胀实验发现520 nm处线粒体吸光度值CsA组 < Ade-Ⅳ组 < SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。 结论腺苷对SAP并发的IBD有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制GSK-3β活性,进而阻止mPTP的开放有关。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the protection pathway of adenosine against intestinal barrier dysfunction(IBD) in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). MethodsA total of 64 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, adenosine treatment group(adenosine), SAP group and mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A group.Serum amylase level and pancreatic pathology were tested to confirm the success of SAP model; the damage of small intestine tissue was observed by HE staining; the expression of P-GSK-3β in the small intestine of rats was detected by Western blotting; electronmicroscope was used to observe the changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure; differential centrifugation method was used to separate mitochondria, then, mitochondrial swelling experiments were conducted under Ca2+ induction. ResultsWith the success of SAP model, the serum pancreatic amylase level was gradually increased with the extension of the time point from 0 to 12 h, which reached the peak at 12 h and decreased to the lowest at 24 h.The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01).Staining of sections showed that SAP group had hyperemia and edema of intestinal mucosa, accompanied by necrosis of columnar epithelial cells, and even fracture and defect of some villi, while the intestinal mucosal epithelium and fluffy form of the Ade-Ⅳ group were basically complete, and the velvet arrangement was basically neat.Compared to the SAP group, the P-GSK-3β expression of the Ade-Ⅳ group increased significantly(P < 0.01).In SAP group, intestinal mitochondrial ultra-micro structure was significantly swollen, even empty bubble degeneration appeared, while in Ade-Ⅳgroup, this significantly reduced.Mitochondrial swelling experiment showed that the mitochondrial absorbance value at 520 nm was the highest in SAP group, secondary was Ade-Ⅳ group and CSA group was the lowest, and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.01). ConclusionsAdenosine prevents SAP intestinal barrier injury presumably by targeting the mPTP through inactivation of GSK-3β. -
表 1 血清胰淀粉酶在不同时间点的水平变化(x±s)
时间点 n 血清胰淀粉酶/(U/L) 0 h 8 100±1.36 3 h 8 242±2.27** 6 h 8 264±2.7**△△ 12 h 8 496±4.99**△△## 24 h 8 151±1.54**△△##◇◇ F — 22 860.40 P — < 0.01 MS组内 — 8.142 q检验:与0 h比较**P < 0.01;与3 h比较△△P < 0.01;与6 h比较##P < 0.01;与12 h比较◇◇P < 0.01 表 2 腺苷对mPTP开放的影响(x±s)
分组 n 线粒体吸光度值减少的百分比 SAP组 8 37.15±2.18 CsA组 8 10.00±1.31** Ade- Ⅳ组 8 19.63±1.41**△△ F — 537.71 P — < 0.01 MS组内 — 2.819 q检验:与SAP组比较**P < 0.01;与CsA组比较△△P < 0.01 -
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