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急性心肌梗死(AMI)是临床常见的危急重症,其主要病理机制为多种因素作用下冠状动脉(冠脉)内由胆固醇及其他沉积物组成的斑块发生破裂、出血、继发性血栓形成,使冠脉管腔进一步狭窄或完全闭塞。可能因素包括心脏血管退变、激素代谢紊乱和免疫应答等。其中机体免疫机制与心肌梗死范围及预后、并发症密切相关。为了进一步研究心肌梗死与细胞免疫功能的关系,本研究采用流式细胞技术,观察PCI与药物治疗两种途径的AMI病人淋巴细胞亚群表达情况。现作报道。
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选择2017年12月至2019年6月我院心血管内科AMI病人60例作为观察组,排除标准:(1)肿瘤、结缔组织疾病及应用免疫抑制剂病人;重要脏器严重器质性损害者;(2)近半年有过手术、外伤、脑出血、脑梗死及消化系统出血等病史;(3)入院后有心肺复苏史;(4)不能排除主动脉夹层、急性胰腺炎或者胃溃疡穿孔者;(5)随访期间病人再次发生心肌梗死、心源性猝死等。其中30例行介入+药物治疗(PCI组)(均符合2016年中国急诊PCI治疗指南),另外30例采用常规药物治疗(药物组), 30 d后门诊随访。2组年龄、性别、合并基础疾病等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(见表 1)。择同期健康体检中心30名无特殊治疗的健康者作为对照组。
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 女 吸烟 高血压 糖尿病 体质量指数/(kg/m2) 谷丙转氨酶/(IU/L) 肌酐/(μmol/L) 低密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 高密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 胆固醇/(mmol/L) PCI组 30 63.63±12.58 25 5 17(57) 21(70) 13(43) 21.46±2.62 37.93±20.10 84.33±31.56 2.75±0.72 1.37±0.43 1.30±0.71 4.32±0.87 药物组 30 63.73±14.41 23 7 16(60) 20(67) 20(67) 22.12±2.16 32.60±11.10 72.00±16.71 2.40±0.81 1.36±0.44 1.48±0.62 3.90±1.05 t — 0.03 0.42 0.07 0.08 3.30 1.06 1.27* 1.89* 1.77 0.09 1.05 1.69 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 *示t′值 表 1 PCI组与药物组一般资料比较[n;百分率(%)]
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所有研究对象均采集静脉血2 mL并于6 h内作染色处理,使用美国Beckman Coulter公司Epics XL型细胞流式仪,检测CD3+ CD8+,CD3+CD4+以及CD19+B百分比,计算CD4+/CD8+比值,罗氏全自动生化分析仪测定心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)水平。
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采用t(或t′)检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关性分析。
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观察组CD3+CD8+,CD19+B百分比高于对照组,而CD3+CD4+百分比及CD4+/CD8+比值低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n CD3+/% CD3+CD4+/% CD3+CD8+/% CD4+/CD8+ CD19+B/% 观察组 60 58.75±5.06 28.93±4.68 26.58±4.53 1.15±0.39 14.00±3.01 对照组 30 57.42±5.18 31.40±3.06 23.81±3.84 1.35±0.25 12.78±1.39 t — 1.17 3.00* 2.87 2.94* 2.63 P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 *示t′值 表 2 观察组与对照组淋巴细胞亚群比较(x±s)
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入组时,PCI组与药物组淋巴细胞亚群表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3);治疗30 d后,PCI组CD3+CD8+,CD19+B百分比低于药物组,CD3+CD4+百分比及CD4+/CD8+比值高于药物组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 4)。
分组 n CD3+/% CD3+CD4+/% CD3+CD8+/% CD4+/CD8+ CD19+B/% PCI组 30 57.59±4.67 28.77±4.96 26.04±4.89 1.17±0.39 13.55±3.46 药物组 30 59.91±5.24 29.09±4.47 27.11±4.16 1.13±0.40 14.38±2.46 t — 1.81 0.26 0.91 0.39 1.07 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 3 入组时PCI组与药物组淋巴细胞亚群比较(x±s)
分组 n CD3+/% CD3+CD4+/% CD3+CD8+/% CD4+/CD8+ CD19+B% PCI组 30 59.12±6.12 36.15±4.49 21.90±4.73 1.72±0.39 11.51±2.25 药物组 30 57.72±4.23 32.87±5.32 24.99±6.25 1.38±0.39 12.96±2.00 t — 1.03 2.58 2.16 3.38 2.64 P — 0.31 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 表 4 治疗30 d后PCI组与药物组淋巴细胞亚群比较(x±s)
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Pearson相关性分析结果显示,CD4+/CD8+比值与cTnI呈负相关(r=-0.53,P < 0.05)(见图 1)。
不同治疗途径的急性心肌梗死病人淋巴细胞亚群表达变化分析
Analysis of the lymphocyte subsets expression in acute myocardial infarction patients treated with different treatment approaches
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摘要:
目的分析急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)与药物治疗两种途径的急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人淋巴细胞亚群表达情况,探讨AMI发病的免疫防御机制。 方法选取60例AMI病人作为观察组,其中30例行PCI+药物治疗(PCI组),另外30例采用常规药物治疗(药物组),并择同期健康体检中心30名无特殊治疗的健康者作为对照组。采集所有研究对象入院当日外周血以及治疗30 d后观察组门诊随访的外周血,通过流式细胞术测定淋巴细胞亚群表达情况,同时检测观察组当日外周血心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)含量。 结果与对照组比较,观察组CD3+CD8+、CD19+B百分比增加,CD3+CD4 +百分比及CD4+/CD8+比值降低,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);治疗30 d后,PCI组与药物组相比,淋巴细胞亚群表达结果与之相反,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);Pearson相关性分析显示,CD4+/CD8+比值与cTnI呈负相关关系(r=-0.53,P < 0.05)。 结论淋巴细胞亚群参与AMI免疫炎性反应,PCI治疗使AMI病人心肌免疫炎性损伤得到不同程度修复。CD4+/CD8+比值与cTnI呈负相关,CD4+/CD8+比值越低,cTnI值越高,提示心肌损伤越严重,预后越差。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the expression changes of lymphocyte subsets in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with between emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and drug, and explore the immune defence mechanism of AMI occurrence. MethodsSixty AMI patients were set as the observation group[including 30 cases treatment with PCI combined with medication (PCI group) and 30 cases treatment with conventional medication (medication group), and 30 healthy people treated without special treatment were set as the control group.The peripheral blood of two groups were collected on the day of admission, the peripheral blood in the observation group were collected after 30 days of following-up.The expression of lymphocyte subsets was determined by flow cytometry, and the content of troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) in peripheral blood of the observation group was also detected. ResultsCompared with the control group, the percentages of CD3+CD8+ and CD19+ B lymphocytes increased, the percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased in the observation group, and the differences of whose were statistically significant (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).After 30 days of treatment, the expression of lymphocyte subsets in the PCI group was contrary to that in the drug group, and the difference of which was statistically significant (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was negatively correlated with cTnI (r=-0.53, P < 0.05). ConclusionsLymphocyte subsets are involved in the inflammatory response of AMI.The PCI therapy can repair myocardial immune inflammatory injury in AMI patients to different degrees.The CD4+/CD8+ ratio is negatively correlated with cTnI.The lower the CD4+/CD8+ ratio is, the higher the cTnI is, and which suggests that the more severe the myocardial damage is, the worse the prognosis is. -
表 1 PCI组与药物组一般资料比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 女 吸烟 高血压 糖尿病 体质量指数/(kg/m2) 谷丙转氨酶/(IU/L) 肌酐/(μmol/L) 低密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 高密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 胆固醇/(mmol/L) PCI组 30 63.63±12.58 25 5 17(57) 21(70) 13(43) 21.46±2.62 37.93±20.10 84.33±31.56 2.75±0.72 1.37±0.43 1.30±0.71 4.32±0.87 药物组 30 63.73±14.41 23 7 16(60) 20(67) 20(67) 22.12±2.16 32.60±11.10 72.00±16.71 2.40±0.81 1.36±0.44 1.48±0.62 3.90±1.05 t — 0.03 0.42 0.07 0.08 3.30 1.06 1.27* 1.89* 1.77 0.09 1.05 1.69 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 *示t′值 表 2 观察组与对照组淋巴细胞亚群比较(x±s)
分组 n CD3+/% CD3+CD4+/% CD3+CD8+/% CD4+/CD8+ CD19+B/% 观察组 60 58.75±5.06 28.93±4.68 26.58±4.53 1.15±0.39 14.00±3.01 对照组 30 57.42±5.18 31.40±3.06 23.81±3.84 1.35±0.25 12.78±1.39 t — 1.17 3.00* 2.87 2.94* 2.63 P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 *示t′值 表 3 入组时PCI组与药物组淋巴细胞亚群比较(x±s)
分组 n CD3+/% CD3+CD4+/% CD3+CD8+/% CD4+/CD8+ CD19+B/% PCI组 30 57.59±4.67 28.77±4.96 26.04±4.89 1.17±0.39 13.55±3.46 药物组 30 59.91±5.24 29.09±4.47 27.11±4.16 1.13±0.40 14.38±2.46 t — 1.81 0.26 0.91 0.39 1.07 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 4 治疗30 d后PCI组与药物组淋巴细胞亚群比较(x±s)
分组 n CD3+/% CD3+CD4+/% CD3+CD8+/% CD4+/CD8+ CD19+B% PCI组 30 59.12±6.12 36.15±4.49 21.90±4.73 1.72±0.39 11.51±2.25 药物组 30 57.72±4.23 32.87±5.32 24.99±6.25 1.38±0.39 12.96±2.00 t — 1.03 2.58 2.16 3.38 2.64 P — 0.31 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 -
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