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复杂胫骨平台骨折多为高能量损伤,骨折粉碎,合并软组织损伤严重,手术创伤较大,失血较多,常由此而导致术后功能锻炼延迟,恢复不佳[1]。为了减少出血,骨折复位固定手术中常使用止血带,但其术后出血较多,机体组织反应严重,不利于病人恢复及功能锻炼。氨甲环酸为赖氨酸合成衍生物,能够可逆性阻断纤溶酶原分子上的赖氨酸结合点,从而使纤溶酶原失去与纤维蛋白结合的能力,使纤溶活性受到限制,发挥抗纤维蛋白溶解作用,减少术后出血,减少机体及局部组织反应,促进病人术后恢复[2]。目前氨甲环酸在髋膝关节置换手术中应用较多,临床效果较好,而在创伤骨科中的应用仍鲜有报道,为了测试氨甲环酸在治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折中的临床效果及安全性,我们设计并进行随机对比性临床研究。现作报道。
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观察组病人总失血量和隐性失血量均少于对照组(P < 0.05和P < 0.01),2组病人显性失血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 总失血量 显性失血量 隐性失血量 观察组 37 1098.6±367.6 143.7±66.1 610.7±179.8 对照组 36 1478.2±784.5 158.3±65.6 868.7±213.6 t — 2.63* 0.95 5.59 P — < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 *示t′值 表 1 2组病人失血量的比较(x±s;mL)
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观察组术后引流量和肢体周径变化差均明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n 术后引流量/mL 肢体周径变化差/mm 观察组 37 261.9±78.3 11.1±2.8 对照组 36 421.3±106.7 21.5±2.9 t — 7.29 15.59 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 2组病人术后引流量和肢体周径变化差的比较(x±s)
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所有病人术后10 d均行下肢静脉超声检查,2组病人未发现静脉血栓形成,未出现下肢深静脉血栓和心、肺、脑栓塞等严重并发症。
氨甲环酸灌注治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折术后失血的疗效观察
Effect of tranexamic acid perfusion in the treatment of postoperative bleeding of complex tibial plateau fracture
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摘要:
目的研究氨甲环酸局部灌注治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折术后失血的临床效果及安全性。 方法选取复杂胫骨平台骨折73例,随机分为观察组37例和对照组36例。2组病人均由同一手术组医师完成手术,观察组切口局部灌注氨甲环酸溶液,对照组灌注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液,比较2组临床疗效及安全性。 结果观察组病人总失血量和隐性失血量均少于对照组(P < 0.05和P < 0.01),2组病人显性失血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后引流量和肢体周径变化差均明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)。所有病人术后10 d均行下肢静脉超声检查,均无静脉血栓形成,未出现下肢深静脉血栓和心、肺、脑栓塞等严重并发症。 结论氨甲环酸局部灌注能够明显减少复杂胫骨平台骨折围手术期失血量和术后引流量,且不增加血栓事件发生率,值得临床推广。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid perfusion in the treatment of postoperative bleeding of complex tibial plateau fracture. Methods Seventy-three patients with complex tibial plateau fracture were randomly divided into the observation group(n=37) and control group(n=36).Two groups were operated by the same surgeon.The incisions in observation group and control group were perfused with tranexamic acid solution and 0.9% sodium chloride injection, respectively.The clinical efficacy and safety between two groups were compared. Results The total blood loss and hidden blood loss in observation group were less than that in control group(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and the difference of the dominant blood loss between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative drainage volume and limb diameter in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).The ultrasound examination results of lower limb veins showed that there were not severe complications, such as deep venous thrombosis and cardiopulmonary cerebral embolism, in two groups after 10 d of operation. Conclusions Tranexamic acid perfusion in treating complex tibial plateau fracture can significantly reduce the peroperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, do not increase the incidence rate of thrombosis, which is worthy of promotion in clinic. -
表 1 2组病人失血量的比较(x±s;mL)
分组 n 总失血量 显性失血量 隐性失血量 观察组 37 1098.6±367.6 143.7±66.1 610.7±179.8 对照组 36 1478.2±784.5 158.3±65.6 868.7±213.6 t — 2.63* 0.95 5.59 P — < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 *示t′值 表 2 2组病人术后引流量和肢体周径变化差的比较(x±s)
分组 n 术后引流量/mL 肢体周径变化差/mm 观察组 37 261.9±78.3 11.1±2.8 对照组 36 421.3±106.7 21.5±2.9 t — 7.29 15.59 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 -
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