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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)是一种睡眠呼吸障碍,严重影响儿童睡眠质量[1]。睡眠问题可能引发儿童行为问题、导致认知缺陷、语言和神经发育迟缓等相关问题[2-4]。OSA发生与多种因素有关,在儿童中,腺样体、扁桃体肥大是OSA的主要危险因素,因此,腺扁桃体切除术被推荐为儿童OSA的首选治疗方法[5]。但先前的研究[6]显示,腺扁桃体切除术后,虽可显著改善呼吸暂停低通气指数,却一般不能完全缓解睡眠问题,且随着时间推移,68%的病例会逐渐复发。口面肌功能训练(orofacial myofunctional therapy, OMT)最初源于语言训练,后来被学者应用于腺扁桃体切除术后有残留症状的儿童,OMT可显著改善OSA,可作为腺扁桃体切除术的补充疗法[7]。OMT也叫做口咽练习,其干预重点是通过对舌、软腭的反复主动锻炼,促进功能失调的上呼吸道肌肉的改变,从而增强舌肌和面肌肌力,恢复经鼻呼吸,达到治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停OSA的作用[8-9]。但至少需要2~3个月的干预训练,方能见效。目前具体的干预训练方案以及解决患儿训练依从性也是研究重点。笔者通过查阅文献,制定了简化版口面肌干预方案,对本院26例OSA儿童腺扁桃体切除术后进行干预训练,并评价其训练依从性及干预效果,取得了良好的效果,现作报道。
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患儿练习记录时间显示26例患儿均填写打卡记录表,累积时间百分位数显示P25=70,P50=86,P75=88.25,因此累积时间≤70 d为练习依从性较差,累积时间 > 70 d为练习依从性较好,依从性较差者有8例(26.9%),依从性较好者有18例(73.1%)。具体时间频率见表 1。
累积时间/d 频率 百分比/% 60 2 7.69 67 3 11.54 70 2 7.69 81 2 7.69 83 2 7.69 86 3 11.54 87 2 7.69 88 4 15.38 89 3 11.54 90 2 7.69 92 1 3.85 合计 26 100.00 表 1 观察组患儿口面肌功能练习时间频率表
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结果显示,2组儿童在干预前和干预后3个月OSA-18总分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),干预后6个月,观察组OSA-18总分低于对照组(P < 0.01);观察组OSA-18总分在干预前后各时间点比较,呈现递减趋势(P < 0.01),对照组干预后3个月和6个月均低于干预前(P < 0.01),而干预后3个月和6个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。干预前2组睡眠障碍、身体症状、情绪不佳、白天功能和对照顾者影响五个维度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05);干预后3个月,睡眠障碍、身体症状和对照顾者影响维度,观察组得分均低于对照组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),而情绪不佳和白天功能维度,2组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);干预后6个月,除白天功能维度2组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),其余维度观察组得分均低于对照组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。2组患儿睡眠障碍维度在干预前后各时间点比较,均呈现递减趋势(P < 0.01);身体症状和白天动能维度,观察组均呈现递减趋势(P < 0.01),而对照组干预后3个月和6个月均低于干预前(P < 0.01),干预后3个月和6个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);情绪不佳和对照顾者影响维度2组均为干预后3个月和6个月均显著低于干预前(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),而干预后3个月和6个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 干预前 干预后3个月 干预后6个月 总分 观察组 26 78.86±15.65 44.27±15.13** 36.10±12.45**# 对照组 30 75.16±15.14 50.40±15.17** 48.13±15.11** t — 0.90 1.51 3.22 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 < 0.01 睡眠障碍 观察组 26 16.12±3.25 7.13±2.23** 4.81±1.71**## 对照组 30 15.87±2.56 9.25±2.12** 7.37±2.14**## t — 0.32 3.64 4.89 P — > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 身体症状 观察组 26 19.45±3.37 10.55±3.89** 7.67±3.69**## 对照组 30 19.11±3.12 12.72±2.68** 12.99±3.42** t — 0.39 2.46 5.60 P — > 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 情绪不佳 观察组 26 12.77±3.49 9.17±3.49** 8.01±2.13** 对照组 30 11.56±3.20 9.43±3.73* 9.22±2.16* t — 1.35 0.27 2.10 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 < 0.05 白天功能 观察组 26 11.61±2.19 7.89±2.58** 7.06±2.14**## 对照组 30 10.85±2.11 7.75±2.44** 7.66±2.15** t — 1.32 0.21 1.04 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 对照顾者影响 观察组 26 18.91±3.26 9.53±2.76** 8.55±2.16** 对照组 30 17.77±2.67 11.25±2.36** 10.89±2.18** t — 1.44 2.51 4.02 P — > 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 q检验:与手术前比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与出院后3个月比较#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01 表 2 2组患儿手术前后各时间点OSA-18总分及各维度得分比较(x±s;分)
简化版口面肌功能训练在儿童腺扁桃体切除术后应用效果分析
Effect analysis of simplified facial muscle function training in children after adenotonsillectomy
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摘要:
目的探讨简化版口面肌功能训练在儿童腺扁桃体切除术后应用效果。 方法随机选取2020年行腺扁桃体切除术的26例患儿为观察组,2019年行腺扁桃体术的30例患儿为对照组。对照组采取常规护理干预,观察组采取简化版口面肌功能训练干预,观察简化版口面肌功能训练依从性,并比较2组儿童干预前后各时间点阻塞性睡眠障碍问卷(OSA-18)总分及各维度得分情况。 结果观察组依从性较差者有8例(26.9%),依从性较好者有18例(73.1%)。2组儿童OSA-18总分及各维度得分在出院后3个月和6个月均高于手术前(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),且观察组在总分、睡眠障碍、身体症状和白天功能维度得分均呈现递减趋势(P < 0.01);干预前2组OSA-18总分和各维度得分比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),出院后3个月,睡眠障碍、身体症状和对照顾者影响维度,观察组得分均低于对照组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),而情绪不佳和白天功能维度,2组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);出院后6个月,除白天功能维度2组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),其余维度观察组得分均低于对照组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论简化版口面肌功能训练能够改善儿童腺扁桃体术切除术后睡眠障碍、身体症状和情绪问题,值得在临床护理干预中推广应用。 -
关键词:
- 简化版口面肌功能训练 /
- 腺扁桃体切除术 /
- 儿童
Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of simplified facial muscle function training in children after adenotonsillectomy. MethodsA total of 26 children treated with adenotonsillectomy in 2020 were randomly selected as the observation group, and 30 children treated with adenotonsillectomy in 2019 were selected as the control group.The control group received the conventional nursing intervention, and the observation group received simplified facial muscle function training intervention.The compliance of simplified facial muscle function training was observed, and the total score and score of each dimension of obstructive sleep disorder questionnaire(OSA-18) before and after the intervention were compared between two groups. ResultsIn the observation group, 8 patients(26.9%) had poor compliance, and 18 patients(73.1%) had good compliance.The total score of OSA-18 and scores of all dimensions in two groups at 3 and 6 months after discharge were higher than those before operation(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), and there was a decreasing trend in the total score, sleep disturbance, physical symptoms and daytime function in the observation group(P < 0.05).There was no statistical significance in the total score of OSA-18 and scores of each dimension between two groups before intervention(P > 0.05).After 3 months of discharge, the scores of sleep disturbance, physical symptoms and effects on caregivers in observation group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), while there was no statistical significance in the dimension scores of depressed mood and daytime function between the two groups(P > 0.05).At 6 months after discharge, there was no statistical significance in other dimension scores between two groups except for daytime function(P > 0.05), and the scores of other dimensions in observation group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe simplified facial muscle function training can improve sleep disturbance, physical symptoms and emotional problems in children after adenotonsillectomy, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinical nursing intervention. -
Key words:
- simplified facial muscle function training /
- adenotonsillectomy /
- child
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表 1 观察组患儿口面肌功能练习时间频率表
累积时间/d 频率 百分比/% 60 2 7.69 67 3 11.54 70 2 7.69 81 2 7.69 83 2 7.69 86 3 11.54 87 2 7.69 88 4 15.38 89 3 11.54 90 2 7.69 92 1 3.85 合计 26 100.00 表 2 2组患儿手术前后各时间点OSA-18总分及各维度得分比较(x±s;分)
分组 n 干预前 干预后3个月 干预后6个月 总分 观察组 26 78.86±15.65 44.27±15.13** 36.10±12.45**# 对照组 30 75.16±15.14 50.40±15.17** 48.13±15.11** t — 0.90 1.51 3.22 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 < 0.01 睡眠障碍 观察组 26 16.12±3.25 7.13±2.23** 4.81±1.71**## 对照组 30 15.87±2.56 9.25±2.12** 7.37±2.14**## t — 0.32 3.64 4.89 P — > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 身体症状 观察组 26 19.45±3.37 10.55±3.89** 7.67±3.69**## 对照组 30 19.11±3.12 12.72±2.68** 12.99±3.42** t — 0.39 2.46 5.60 P — > 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 情绪不佳 观察组 26 12.77±3.49 9.17±3.49** 8.01±2.13** 对照组 30 11.56±3.20 9.43±3.73* 9.22±2.16* t — 1.35 0.27 2.10 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 < 0.05 白天功能 观察组 26 11.61±2.19 7.89±2.58** 7.06±2.14**## 对照组 30 10.85±2.11 7.75±2.44** 7.66±2.15** t — 1.32 0.21 1.04 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 对照顾者影响 观察组 26 18.91±3.26 9.53±2.76** 8.55±2.16** 对照组 30 17.77±2.67 11.25±2.36** 10.89±2.18** t — 1.44 2.51 4.02 P — > 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 q检验:与手术前比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与出院后3个月比较#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01 -
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