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心房颤动(房颤)是临床上最常见的心律失常。心房纤维化导致心脏局部电流传导减慢,增加传导异质性,是房颤发生发展的结构基础[1]。房颤发生时,病人常会出现心悸、气短、运动不耐受、胸痛不适等症状,严重影响病人生活质量,有效预防和治疗房颤仍是一个亟待解决的医学问题[2]。细胞分裂周期蛋白42(Cdc42)为Rho GTP酶家族中研究最多的一个亚型,除了作为细胞骨架重塑的重要调控因子外,Cdc42还参与了基因转录、细胞周期和细胞存活信号通路的调控[3]。研究[4]表明,Rho GTP酶家族在心血管疾病的发病机制中起重要作用,抑制Cdc42可降低高血压病人心肌纤维化和肥厚程度[5]。近年来发现的转录辅助激活因子Yes相关蛋白(YAP)对心肌细胞的增殖作用引起了广泛关注。YAP对促细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡的相关基因起到调控作用,YAP过表达可有效刺激心肌细胞增殖,消融YAP则导致心脏发育不良[6-7]。这些研究表明YAP在正常和病理条件下都是心肌细胞生长控制的中心角色。本研究试图分析Cdc42及YAP在房颤病人血清中表达情况,探讨其作为房颤早期诊断标志物的应用价值,为房颤在临床上的诊断治疗提供一些线索。
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同对照组相比,房颤病人CRP、国家标准化比值、D-二聚体、LAD水平增高,LVEF水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其余一般资料2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。房颤病人中,持续性房颤病人较阵发性房颤病人LAD增大,LVEF降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其余一般资料2种病人比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 男性[n; 百分率(%)] 合并高血压[n; 百分率(%)] 合并糖尿病[n; 百分率(%)] 年龄/岁 白细胞/ (×109/L) 中性粒细胞/ (×109/L) 对照组 40 24(66.0) 32(80.0) 7(17.5) 69.68±9.96 11.70±6.19 7.45±1.93 房颤组 81 43(53.1) 62(76.5) 17(20.9) 71.68±9.94 12.34±6.03 7.63±1.88 t — 0.52* 0.16* 0.21* 1.04 0.54 0.49 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 分组 n 淋巴细胞/ (×109/L) 血小板/ (×109/L) C反应蛋白/ (mg/L) 国家标准化比值 D-二聚体/ (μg/L) LAD/mm LVEF/% 对照组 40 1.06±0.58 256.62±90.61 5.27±2.90 1.11±0.12 0.24±0.15 32.44±1.49 56.89±3.69 房颤组 81 1.01±0.61 254.51±82.17 15.41±25.68 1.26±0.44 2.43±6.08 42.35±6.35 48.83±5.55 t — 0.43 1.13 3.51△ 2.86△ 3.24△ 13.32△ 9.49 P — >0.05 >0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 *示χ2值;△示t'值 表 1 对照组与房颤病人基线资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 男性[n; 百分率(%)] 合并高血压[n; 百分率(%)] 合并糖尿病[n; 百分率(%)] 年龄/岁 白细胞(×109/L) 中性粒细胞(×109/L) 阵发性房颤 38 20(57.8) 29(76.3) 8(21.0) 69.47±11.03 11.92±6.27 7.56±2.06 持续性房颤 43 23(53.4) 33(76.7) 9(20.9) 73.63±8.53 12.70±5.85 7.70±1.73 t — 0.01* 0.00* 0.00* 1.91 0.58 0.33 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 分组 n 淋巴细胞(×109/L) 血小板(×109/L) C反应蛋白/ (mg/L) 国家标准化比值 D-二聚体/ (μg/L) LAD/mm LVEF/% 阵发性房颤 38 1.11±0.60 259.13±88.01 18.10±21.42 1.24±0.43 1.39±1.77 37.27±4.72 53.11±4.18 持续性房颤 43 0.92±0.62 250.44±77.46 13.03±28.98 1.27±0.44 3.35±8.11 46.84±3.64 45.05±3.46 t — 1.40 0.47 0.89 0.31 1.54△ 10.28 9.49 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 <0.01 <0.01 *示χ2值;△示t'值 表 2 2种房颤病人基线资料比较(x±s)
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同对照组相比,房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP表达水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)(见表 3);持续性房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP表达水平较阵发性房颤病人升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 n YAP/(ng/mL) Cdc4/(ng/mL) 对照组 40 7.45±2.29 37.89±15.35 房颤组 81 13.58±2.45 58.31±11.42 t — 13.22 7.46* P — <0.01 <0.01 *示t'值 表 3 2组病人血清Cdc42和YAP比较(x±s)
分组 n YAP/(ng/mL) Cdc4/(ng/mL) 阵发性房颤 38 11.95±2.23 54.93±6.67 持续性房颤 43 15.03±1.58 61.29±13.77 t' — 7.09 2.69 P — <0.01 <0.05 表 4 2种房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP比较(x±s)
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Pearson相关性分析结果显示,房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP水平与D-二聚体、LAD呈正相关(P<0.05~P<0.01),与CRP无相关关系(P>0.05),与左心室射血分数呈负相关(P<0.01)(见表 5)。
指标 YAP Cdc42 r P r P C反应蛋白/(mg/L) 0.117 >0.05 0.148 >0.05 INR 0.163 >0.05 0.066 >0.05 D-二聚体/(μg/L) 0.222 <0.05 0.200 <0.05 LA/mm 0.666 <0.01 0.470 <0.01 LVEF/% -0.672 <0.01 -0.479 <0.01 表 5 房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP与各指标检测相关性
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Cdc42、YAP单独诊断以及二者联合诊断灵敏度分别为90.0%、70.0%、92.5%,特异度分别为87.7%、93.8%、93.8%,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.959、0.851、0.980。与Cdc42、YAP单独诊断相比,二者联合诊断的灵敏度、特异度以及AUC均提高(P<0.05)(见图 1)。以是否房颤为因变量(正常对照组赋值为1,房颤组赋值为2),以性别、YAP、cdc42、D-二聚体、LAD及LVEF为自变量,进行logistic回归分析,结果显示,D-二聚体、LAD、Cdc42及YAP表达增加、LVEF减小均为影响房颤的危险因素(P<0.05~P<0.01)(见表 6)。
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95.0%CI 性别 -0.350 0.757 0.00 >0.05 0.966 0.219~4.259 YAP/(ng/mL) 1.005 0.245 16.82 <0.01 2.732 1.690~4.418 Cdc42/(ng/mL) 0.171 0.050 11.81 <0.01 1.187 1.076~1.308 D-二聚体/(μg/L) 3.664 1.543 5.64 <0.05 39.009 1.896~802.551 LAD/mm 0.631 0.208 9.19 <0.01 1.880 1.250~2.827 LVEF/% -7.594 0.104 7.06 <0.01 0.785 0.618~0.930 表 6 二元logistic回归分析
Cdc42及YAP检测对非瓣膜性心房颤动诊断的相关性研究
Correlation between Cdc42 and YAP in the diagnosis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
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摘要:
目的探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)病人血清细胞分裂周期蛋白42(Cdc42)和转录辅助激活因子Yes相关蛋白(YAP)表达水平及临床意义。 方法选取81例非瓣膜性房颤病人(其中阵发性房颤38例,持续性房颤43例)为研究对象,40例同期住院非房颤病人为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清Cdc42及YAP表达水平。同时结合相关血清学指标,统计分析非瓣膜性房颤病人的Cdc42及YAP水平,探讨两者与非瓣膜性房颤诊断的关系。 结果同对照组相比,房颤病人CRP、国家标准化比值、D-二聚体、LAD水平增高,LVEF水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01),房颤病人中,持续性房颤病人较阵发性房颤病人LAD增大,LVEF降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);同对照组相比,房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP表达水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01),持续性房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP表达水平较阵发性房颤病人升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01和P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP水平与D-二聚体、LAD呈正相关(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),与左心室射血分数呈负相关(P < 0.01);Cdc42及YAP二者联合诊断房颤的受试者工作特征曲线下面积较单独诊断提高(P < 0.05)。D-二聚体、LAD、Cdc42及YAP表达增加、LVEF减小均为影响房颤的危险因素(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论房颤病人血清Cdc42及YAP异常表达,可能参与房颤心房结构重构的发生发展,可用作早期潜在辅助诊断房颤的指标。 -
关键词:
- 心房颤动 /
- 心房纤维化 /
- 细胞分裂周期蛋白42 /
- Yes相关蛋白
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the serum expression levels of cell division cyclin 42(Cdc42) and transcription-assisted activator Yes-associated protein(YAP) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, and its clinical significance. MethodsEighty-one patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(including 38 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 43 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation) were selected, and 40 patients with non-atrial fibrillation at the same time were set as the control group.The serum levels of Cdc42 and YAP of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were detected using ELISA, and statistically analyzed in combination with related serological indexes.The relationship between the levels of Cdc42 and YAP and diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation were investigated. ResultsCompared with the control group, the levels of CRP, national standardized ratio, D-dimer and LAD increased, the LVEF level decreased, and the differences of which were statistically significant(P < 0.01).Compared with patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the level of LAD increased, the level of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) decreased in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, and the differences of which were statistically significant(P < 0.01).Compared with the control group, the serum levels of Cdc42 and YAP increased in patients with atrial fibrillation, and the differences of which were statistically significant(P < 0.01).Compared with patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the serum levels of Cdc42 and YAP increased in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, and the differences of which were statistically significant(P < 0.01).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of Cdc42 and YAP were positively correlated with the levels of D-dimer and LAD in patients with atrial fibrillation(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with LVEF(P < 0.01).The area under ROC curve of the combined diagnosis of atrial fibrillation with Cdc42 and YAP was significantly higher than that of the single diagnosis(P < 0.05).The expression levels of D-dimer, LAD, Cdc42 and YAP increasing and LVEF level dereasing were the risk factors of arial fibrillation(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). ConclusionsAbnormal expression of serum Cdc42 and YAP in patients with atrial fibrillation may be involved in the occurrence and development of atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation, and which can be used as a potential indicator for the early diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. -
Key words:
- atrial fibrillation /
- atrial fibrosis /
- cell division cyclin 42 /
- Yes-associated protein
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表 1 对照组与房颤病人基线资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 男性[n; 百分率(%)] 合并高血压[n; 百分率(%)] 合并糖尿病[n; 百分率(%)] 年龄/岁 白细胞/ (×109/L) 中性粒细胞/ (×109/L) 对照组 40 24(66.0) 32(80.0) 7(17.5) 69.68±9.96 11.70±6.19 7.45±1.93 房颤组 81 43(53.1) 62(76.5) 17(20.9) 71.68±9.94 12.34±6.03 7.63±1.88 t — 0.52* 0.16* 0.21* 1.04 0.54 0.49 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 分组 n 淋巴细胞/ (×109/L) 血小板/ (×109/L) C反应蛋白/ (mg/L) 国家标准化比值 D-二聚体/ (μg/L) LAD/mm LVEF/% 对照组 40 1.06±0.58 256.62±90.61 5.27±2.90 1.11±0.12 0.24±0.15 32.44±1.49 56.89±3.69 房颤组 81 1.01±0.61 254.51±82.17 15.41±25.68 1.26±0.44 2.43±6.08 42.35±6.35 48.83±5.55 t — 0.43 1.13 3.51△ 2.86△ 3.24△ 13.32△ 9.49 P — >0.05 >0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 *示χ2值;△示t'值 表 2 2种房颤病人基线资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 男性[n; 百分率(%)] 合并高血压[n; 百分率(%)] 合并糖尿病[n; 百分率(%)] 年龄/岁 白细胞(×109/L) 中性粒细胞(×109/L) 阵发性房颤 38 20(57.8) 29(76.3) 8(21.0) 69.47±11.03 11.92±6.27 7.56±2.06 持续性房颤 43 23(53.4) 33(76.7) 9(20.9) 73.63±8.53 12.70±5.85 7.70±1.73 t — 0.01* 0.00* 0.00* 1.91 0.58 0.33 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 分组 n 淋巴细胞(×109/L) 血小板(×109/L) C反应蛋白/ (mg/L) 国家标准化比值 D-二聚体/ (μg/L) LAD/mm LVEF/% 阵发性房颤 38 1.11±0.60 259.13±88.01 18.10±21.42 1.24±0.43 1.39±1.77 37.27±4.72 53.11±4.18 持续性房颤 43 0.92±0.62 250.44±77.46 13.03±28.98 1.27±0.44 3.35±8.11 46.84±3.64 45.05±3.46 t — 1.40 0.47 0.89 0.31 1.54△ 10.28 9.49 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 <0.01 <0.01 *示χ2值;△示t'值 表 3 2组病人血清Cdc42和YAP比较(x±s)
分组 n YAP/(ng/mL) Cdc4/(ng/mL) 对照组 40 7.45±2.29 37.89±15.35 房颤组 81 13.58±2.45 58.31±11.42 t — 13.22 7.46* P — <0.01 <0.01 *示t'值 表 4 2种房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP比较(x±s)
分组 n YAP/(ng/mL) Cdc4/(ng/mL) 阵发性房颤 38 11.95±2.23 54.93±6.67 持续性房颤 43 15.03±1.58 61.29±13.77 t' — 7.09 2.69 P — <0.01 <0.05 表 5 房颤病人血清Cdc42和YAP与各指标检测相关性
指标 YAP Cdc42 r P r P C反应蛋白/(mg/L) 0.117 >0.05 0.148 >0.05 INR 0.163 >0.05 0.066 >0.05 D-二聚体/(μg/L) 0.222 <0.05 0.200 <0.05 LA/mm 0.666 <0.01 0.470 <0.01 LVEF/% -0.672 <0.01 -0.479 <0.01 表 6 二元logistic回归分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95.0%CI 性别 -0.350 0.757 0.00 >0.05 0.966 0.219~4.259 YAP/(ng/mL) 1.005 0.245 16.82 <0.01 2.732 1.690~4.418 Cdc42/(ng/mL) 0.171 0.050 11.81 <0.01 1.187 1.076~1.308 D-二聚体/(μg/L) 3.664 1.543 5.64 <0.05 39.009 1.896~802.551 LAD/mm 0.631 0.208 9.19 <0.01 1.880 1.250~2.827 LVEF/% -7.594 0.104 7.06 <0.01 0.785 0.618~0.930 -
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