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大脑枕颞沟位于颞叶内侧,是枕颞内侧回与枕颞外侧回的分界,其与内侧的侧副沟[1]和外侧的大脑半球边缘近似平行关系,其宽度从颞极向后逐渐增宽,而后又再次变窄,一直延伸入枕叶与其融合。颞叶负责处理听觉信息,且与情感和海马记忆也有关系,当此区域发生异常或病变时,如颞叶癫痫、海绵状血管瘤、Kluver-Buey综合征、失语症、联想记忆障碍、偏盲等疾病。此时枕颞沟在横、冠、矢状面上的准确识别及其在三维空间中的精确定位是颞叶区域病变的影像学[2]定位诊断、立体定向[3]和微创神经外科的解剖基础。因此无论从解剖上、功能上还是临床应用价值上,对此区域定位及识别都具有其重要价值。本研究通过对30名健康志愿者进行活体大脑MRI数据采集、分析,探讨枕颞沟在横、冠、矢状面的形态学规律及回归方程,总结其发育规律,为枕颞沟区域重要脑组织和基底核病变的诊断及手术入路提供影像解剖学数字化资料。
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此横断面位于AC-PC层面以下第7层,与大脑原点的距离为14mm,此层面出现视交叉、海马、大脑脚及脚间池等结构,枕颞沟显示较清晰,位于海马后外侧方,且路径呈前后走行的波浪状,一直延伸入枕叶,右侧连续出现,左侧有间断。此时,位于枕颞沟内侧的侧副沟刚出现(见图 3)。
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此横断面位于AC-PC层面以下第9层,与大脑原点的距离为18mm,此层面出现侧脑室下角,第四脑室中央管等结构。此时的枕颞沟位于海马后外侧方,两侧均出现分支,呈现出镜面对称的数字“3”型,右侧侧副沟较短小,左侧侧副沟出现与枕颞沟平行走向的路径(见图 4)。
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此横断面位于AC-PC层面以下第10层,与大脑原点的距离为20 mm。此层面出现鞍结节、鞍背等结构。此时的枕颞沟位于海马外侧,呈现左右对称的“()”型,走行路径相对较短且弧度弯曲直至小脑边缘,两侧未出现分支,左侧侧副沟走行与枕颞沟近似平行,右侧侧副沟较短小(见图 5)。
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此层面显示的枕颞沟呈现数字“1”型,左右对称。内侧红色实线为侧副沟,走行方向近似一致;侧脑室前角外侧为重要基底核区,依次为尾状核、内囊前肢,豆状核;蝶窦上方所示为视束及第三脑室,外侧为海马结构(见图 6)。
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此层面显示的枕颞沟,右侧出现分支且走行方向相同,枕颞沟内侧红色实线所示的侧副沟,左右两侧均出现分支,且呈对称存在;侧脑室三角区下方为海马结构,紧邻小脑上方为四叠体的上丘;外侧为颞叶部分,颞上回、颞中回、颞下回清晰可见(见图 7)。
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此层面所示的枕颞沟左右两侧均出现分支,走行大致相同,右侧呈数字“11”型,左侧呈“U”型;内侧红色实线所示的侧副沟左右两侧均出现分支,走行大致相同;位于枕颞沟和侧副沟之间的为梭状回;可见小脑内的第四脑室,及下方的延髓结构(见图 8)。
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大脑枕颞沟在横断面的映射长度=枕颞沟在冠状面出现的层数×2mm;大脑枕颞沟在冠状面的映射长度=枕颞沟在横断面出现的层数×2mm。分别男15名,女15名,大脑枕颞沟左右两侧在横断面上的层数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1);男女大脑枕颞沟左右两侧在冠状面上的层数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
性别 n 右侧 左侧 d±sd t P 男 15 18±3.85 18.8±4.31 0.8±2.37 -1.31 >0.05 女 15 17.67±3.98 16.53±3.83 1.14±2.95 1.49 >0.05 t — 0.25 1.59 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 — — — 表 1 男女大脑枕颞沟横断面左右侧层数比较(x±s)
性别 n 右侧 左侧 d±sd t P 男 15 36.73±4.36 35.93±4.02 0.80±2.78 1.11 >0.05 女 15 35.00±3.46 34.33±2.75 0.67±2.97 0.87 >0.05 t — 1.67 1.42 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 — — — 表 2 男女大脑枕颞沟冠状面左右侧层数比较(x±s)
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男性大脑枕颞沟内侧缘左侧、右侧的坐标X值、Z值标准差进行两样本独立t检验,得出男性大脑左、右两侧枕颞沟于冠状面X值定位数据集差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01),Z值立体定位数据集差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3);女性大脑左、右两侧枕颞沟于冠状面X值定位数据集差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),Z值立体定位数据集差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。
Y/mm x±s/mm d±sd/mm 右侧 左侧 右侧 左侧 x±s/mm -27.876 7±4.555 7 35.371 6±3.730 6 — — d±sd/mm — — 2.95 2.95 t 4.93 0.00 P < 0.01 >0.05 表 3 男性枕颞沟内侧缘冠状面平均三维坐标值(n=15;x±s)
Y/mm x±s/mm d±sd/mm 右侧 左侧 右侧 左侧 x±s/mm -27.420 0±3.445 0 30.681 7±4.620 6 — — d±sd/mm — — -11.049 2±5.837 3 -9.834 3±6.510 8 t 2.19 0.54 P < 0.05 >0.05 表 4 女性枕颞沟内侧缘冠状面平均三维坐标值(n=15;x±s)
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将30名大脑枕颞沟MRI图像数据集汇总整理,利用Excel软件,分别制作出男性及女性枕颞沟横断面(X-Y)、冠状面(X-Z)、的散点投影图,直观反映出枕颞沟空间走行位置变化及侧别变异情况(见图 9、10)。
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枕颞沟在横断面上Y值对X值的散点图及曲线回归方程分析:右侧$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=-62.76+2.75×X+0.22×X2+3.1×10-3×X3(见图 11), 左侧$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=3.84-10.83×X+0.5×X2-6.04×10-3×X3(见图 12);枕颞沟在冠状面上Z值对X值的散点图及曲线回归方程分析:右侧$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=7.67-1.54×X-0.09×X2-1.06×10-3×X3, 左侧$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=17.99+2.78×X-0.12×X2+1.42×10-3×X3;枕颞沟在矢状面上Z值对Y值的散点图及曲线回归方程分析:右侧$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=20.75-0.35×X+2.62×10-3X2+5.49×10-5×X3, 左侧$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=19.64-0.39×X+3.75×10-4X2+3.15×10-5×X3。
大脑枕颞沟形态学分析及投影回归方程
Morphological analysis and establishment of projection regression equation of occipital temporal sulcus
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摘要:
目的构建以AC-PC线为扫描基线的活体大脑薄层MRI图像,研究枕颞沟在横、冠、矢状面的形态学规律及投影回归方程。 方法选定健康男、女各15名。以AC-PC为基准线,连续扫描MRI T1W1图像,所得横、冠、矢状面MRI成像数据,采用“3D-Cursor”技术观察枕颞沟在横、冠状面位置变化及连续形态学特征。将所测得的数据以横断面Z=0,冠状面X=0,矢状面Y=0,层厚2 mm,以及Y值为所在层面与零层面的层距乘以2 mm层厚为标准,建立笛卡尔三维立体坐标系,绘制枕颞沟内侧缘投影图,并利用SPSS 22.0统计分析出枕颞沟内侧缘的空间拟合曲线平面回归方程。 结果横断面的枕颞沟与大脑半球边缘平行,呈前后方向走行,后方一直延伸至枕叶,与侧副沟呈平行关系。分为“波浪”型,“()”型,“3”型;冠状面主要分为“1”型,“11”型,“U”型;成功构建大脑枕颞沟在横、冠、矢状面的投影回归方程。枕颞沟在横断面上Y值对X值的曲线回归方程右侧:$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=-62.76+2.75×X+0.22×X2+3.1×10-3×X3,左侧:$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=3.84-10.83×X+0.5×X2-6.04×10-3×X3;枕颞沟在冠状面上Z值对X值的曲线回归方程右侧:$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=7.67-1.54×X-0.09×X2 -1.06×10-3×X3,左侧:$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=17.99+2.78×X-0.12×X2+1.42×10-3×X3;枕颞沟在矢状面上Z值对Y值的曲线回归方程右侧:$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=20.75-0.35×X+2.62×10-3X2+5.49×10-5×X3,左侧:$\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=19.64-0.39×X+3.75×10-4X2+3.15×10-5×X3。 结论利用“3D-Cursor”及“连续追踪”技术识别枕颞沟,其在横、冠面形态各异,为颞叶疾病定位及通过枕颞沟手术入路途径提供解剖学依据。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the thin layer MRI image of living brain with AC-PC line as the baseline, and study the morphology and projection regression equation of occipital temporal sulcus in cross section, coronal and sagittal plane. MethodsFifteen healthy male and 15 female were selected.With AC-PC as the baseline, the continuous scanning of MRI T1W1 images were performed to obtain MRI imaging data of cross, coronal and sagittal planes.The changes of occipital temporal sulci in cross and coronal plane, and continuous morphological characteristics were observed using 3D-cursor technology.The cross section Z=0, coronal plane X=0, sagittal plane Y=0, layer thickness for 2 mm, and Y value for the distance between the layer and zero layer multiplied by 2 mm layer thickness were set as the standard, the Cartesian three-dimensional coordinate system was established, the projection diagram of the medial margin of the occipital temporal sulcus was drawn, and the spatial fitting curve plane regression equation of the medial margin of occipital temporal sulcus was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. ResultsThe cross section of the occipital temporal sulcus was parallel to the edge of cerebral hemisphere, running forward and backward, extending to the occipital lobe, and parallel to the lateral accessory groove.The cross section was divided into the "wave" type, "()" type and "3" type, and the coronal plane was mainly divided into "1", "11" and "U" types.The projection regression equation of occipital temporal sulcus in cross section, coronal and sagittal plane were successfully constructed.The right and left sides of the cross-sectional Y-X curve regression equation of occipito-temporal sulcus were ($\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=62.76+2.75×X+0.22×X2+3.1×10-3×X3) and ($\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=3.84-10.83×X+0.5×X2-6.04×10-3×X3), respectively.The right and left sides of the coronal plane Z-X curve regression equation of occipito-temporal sulcus were ($\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$= 7.67-1.54×X-0.09×X2 -1.06×10-3×X3) and ($\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=17.99+2.78×X-0.12×X2+1.42×10-3×X3), respectively.The right and left sides of the sagittal plane Z-Y curve regression equation of occipito-temporal sulcus were ($\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$=20.75-0.35×X+2.62×10-3×X2+5.49×10-5×X3) and ($\mathop Y\limits^ \wedge$= 19.64-0.39×X+3.75×10-4×X2+3.15×10-5×X3), respectively. ConclusionsThe occipital temporal sulcus can be identified using 3D-Cursor and continuous tracking technology, has different shapes in the transverse and coronal planes, and can provide the anatomic basis for the location of temporal lobe diseases and approach of occipital temporal sulcus surgery. -
表 1 男女大脑枕颞沟横断面左右侧层数比较(x±s)
性别 n 右侧 左侧 d±sd t P 男 15 18±3.85 18.8±4.31 0.8±2.37 -1.31 >0.05 女 15 17.67±3.98 16.53±3.83 1.14±2.95 1.49 >0.05 t — 0.25 1.59 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 — — — 表 2 男女大脑枕颞沟冠状面左右侧层数比较(x±s)
性别 n 右侧 左侧 d±sd t P 男 15 36.73±4.36 35.93±4.02 0.80±2.78 1.11 >0.05 女 15 35.00±3.46 34.33±2.75 0.67±2.97 0.87 >0.05 t — 1.67 1.42 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 — — — 表 3 男性枕颞沟内侧缘冠状面平均三维坐标值(n=15;x±s)
Y/mm x±s/mm d±sd/mm 右侧 左侧 右侧 左侧 x±s/mm -27.876 7±4.555 7 35.371 6±3.730 6 — — d±sd/mm — — 2.95 2.95 t 4.93 0.00 P < 0.01 >0.05 表 4 女性枕颞沟内侧缘冠状面平均三维坐标值(n=15;x±s)
Y/mm x±s/mm d±sd/mm 右侧 左侧 右侧 左侧 x±s/mm -27.420 0±3.445 0 30.681 7±4.620 6 — — d±sd/mm — — -11.049 2±5.837 3 -9.834 3±6.510 8 t 2.19 0.54 P < 0.05 >0.05 -
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