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心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是临床上最常见的心律失常类型之一,随着人口老龄化的发展,其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。AF是导致心血管疾病的主要危险因素,其通过损害心脏功能显著增加病人心力衰竭、卒中和血栓栓塞的发病率和死亡率。AF可分为阵发性AF(paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,PaAF)、持续性AF(persistent atrial fibrillation,PeAF)和永久性AF(permanent atrial fibrillation,PerAF)。AF发生的确切原因和机制尚不十分清楚,是目前研究的热点。
糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)是导致AF发生的主要危险因素之一,2型DM(T2DM)是DM中最常见的类型,占DM病人90%以上,先前有研究表明,T2DM病人通过氧化应激或炎症反应介导心房的结构重构和电重构,继而导致AF的发生[1]。血清基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)活性或表达增高会导致氧化应激或炎症反应[2]。MMP增生、沉积是心肌纤维化的重要进程[3]。动物试验表明,DM大鼠通过促进心房纤维化、延长房间传导时间,从而增加AF易感性[4]。因此,MMP9在T2DM病人AF的发生发展中可能有着重要作用。另外,有证据表明,抗氧化剂可通过激活磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶(PI3K)活性及其相关的信号通路,减轻DM大鼠的心房重构,降低其AF的易感性[1]。可见PI3K在T2DM和AF之间的关系中可能起着非常重要的作用。
MMP9水平升高、PI3K水平降低均可介导不同程度的氧化应激和炎症反应[2]。目前对MMP9、PI3K的研究在T2DM病人AF疾病中的作用尚未有明确报道。左心房内径(LAD)作为描述以心脏大小及几何形态改变为特征的心房结构重构指标,已证实其与AF的发生发展有关,因此可以将LAD增大作为AF发生的独立危险因素。本研究通过测定血清中MMP9和PI3K的水平,探讨血清MMP9和PI3K与已知预测因子LAD之间的关系,探索MMP9及PI3K在AF发生发展过程中的作用,为AF的诊断和预后评估提供一定的参考价值。
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各组研究对象的基本资料、肝肾功能、血常规、血脂等指标间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组研究对象LVEF、LAD的差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 体质量指数/
(kg/m2)SBP/mmHg DBP/mmHg 对照组 90 66.94±7.19 18 23.73±2.36 122.8±6.80 85.09±7.282 PaAF组 62 66.45±6.51 16 24.10±2.28 124.1±6.68 81.73±7.82 PeAF组 70 67.14±6.55 23 24.18±2.06 123.6±7.27 83.46±8.291 PerAF组 68 67.74±7.85 15 23.96±2.16 124.6±6.73 83.51±7.64 F — 0.37 3.85 0.63 1.00 2.34 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 MS组内 — 49.97 — 4.958 47.32 59.80 分组 n FBG/(mmol/L) TG/(mmol/L) HDL/(mmol/L) LDL/ (mmol/L) RBC/ (×1012/L) WBC/(×109/L) 对照组 90 6.34±0.35 1.69±0.36 1.23±0.18 2.60±0.22 4.44±0.16 5.79±1.29 PaAF组 62 6.23±0.33 1.69±0.45 1.21±0.16 2.58±0.25 4.42±0.17 6.29±2.79 PeAF组 70 6.32±0.38 1.66±0.48 1.26±0.18 2.60±0.25 4.40±0.16 6.30±2.31 PerAF组 68 6.26±0.34 1.76±0.37 1.26±0.22 2.61±0.29 4.37±0.18 6.19±2.19 F — 1.16 0.72 1.15 0.16 2.25 1.03 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 MS组内 — 0.12 0.171 0.034 0.063 0.029 4.589 分组 n PLT/(×109/L) Scr/(μmol/L) ALT/(U/L) AST/(U/L) LAD/mm LVEF/% 对照组 90 210.29±42.01 67.10±10.79 21.64±11.01 24.39±5.79 37.43±3.11 60.19±6.54 PaAF组 62 211.39±53.34 68.42±15.02 24.38±12.23 26.12±9.87 40.10±3.09 58.67±4.66 PeAF组 70 210.12±40.65 70.79±16.32 24.19±12.29 26.39±8.07 42.81±2.09 55.27±4.16 PerAF组 68 207.00±40.10 67.69±18.19 24.01±12.10 25.95±12.11 44.57±3.28 54.92±3.14 F — 0.12 0.86 0.97 0.82 88.67 20.96 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 1 931.395 226.117 140.363 81.277 8.620 24.426 表 1 4组受试者基线资料的比较(x±s)
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与对照组相比,PaAF、PeAF与PerAF组MMP9表达水平明显升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平明显降低(P < 0.01)。与PaAF组相比,PeAF组与PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)。与PeAF组相比,PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n MMP9/(ng/mL) PI3K/(mU/L) 对照组 90 54.20±13.95 1 196.30±86.87 PaAF组 62 68.10±11.82* 1 080.22±96.97* PeAF组 70 84.57±15.11*# 826.40±93.07*# PerAF组 68 103.87±13.80*#△ 717.43±92.80*#△ F — 183.45 717.43 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 190.052 8 461.176 q检验:与对照组比较*P < 0.01;与PaAF组比较#P < 0.01;与PeAF组比较△P < 0.01 表 2 各组MMP9、PI3K水平比较(x±s)
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Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组相比,PaAF、PeAF与PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)。与PaAF组相比,PeAF组与PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)。与PeAF组相比,PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)(见图 1、表 3)。
分组 MMP9/β-actin PI3K/β-actin 对照组 0.458 8±0.040 41 1.037±0.044 PaAF组 0.844 9±0.045 83* 0.836±0.036* PeAF组 1.047±0.037 86*# 0.798±0.012*# PerAF组 1.145±0.045 09*#△ 0.634±0.025*#△ F 153.60 82.76 P < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 0.002 0.001 q检验:与对照组比较*P < 0.01;与PaAF组比较#P < 0.01;与PeAF组比较△P < 0.01 表 3 各组MMP9、PI3K蛋白表达水平比较(x±s)
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经Pearson线性相关分析, 实验组中MMP9水平与LAD呈正相关关系(r=0.842,P < 0.05);实验组中PI3k水平与LAD呈负相关关系(r=-0.868,P < 0.05)。MMP9与PI3k水平呈负相关关系(r=0.913,P < 0.01)。
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纳入MMP9、PI3K和LAD行logistic回归分析(均以实测值赋值),结果显示MMP9、PI3K、LAD是AF的危险因素(见表 4)。
指标 B SE 95%CI OR t P MMP9 0.208 0.081 1.051~1.442 1.231 2.57 < 0.05 PI3K -0.022 0.007 0.966~0.991 0.968 3.14 < 0.05 LAD 0.647 0.252 1.165~3.130 1.910 2.57 < 0.05 表 4 logistic多因素回归分析结果
2型糖尿病病人血清MMP9和PI3K水平与心房颤动的相关性研究
Relationship between serum MMP9 and PI3K levels and atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes
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摘要:
目的探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)和磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶(PI3K)水平变化与2型糖尿病病人(T2DM)心房颤动(AF)发生、发展的关系。 方法收集200例心电图提示AF的T2DM病人, 其中阵发性房颤(PaAF)62例, 持续性房颤(PeAF)70例, 永久性房颤(PerAF)68例。并选择90例单纯性T2DM病人作为对照组。ELISA和Western blotting法分别测定血清中MMP9、PI3K水平及蛋白表达情况, 并分别与已测得的左心房内径(LAD)进行相关性分析。纳入MMP9、PI3K和LAD行Pearson相关分析和二元logistics回归分析, 得出影响AF的因素。 结果与对照组相比, PaAF、PeAF与PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)。与PaAF组相比, PeAF组与PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)。与PeAF组相比, PerAF组MMP9表达水平升高(P < 0.01)、PI3K表达水平降低(P < 0.01)。Western blotting检测显示MMP9存在上调趋势, PI3K存在下调趋势。Pearson法对MMP9、PI3K与LAD进行相关性分析, 结果显示在所有实验组中MMP9水平与LAD呈正相关关系(r=0.842, P < 0.01);PI3K与LAD呈负相关关系(r=0.868, P < 0.01)。二元logistics回归分析显示MMP9、PI3K、LAD是AF的危险因素(P < 0.05)。 结论T2DM合并AF病人血清中MMP9表达水平明显升高, PI3K表达水平明显降低, 且与LAD有一定的相关性, MMP9、PI3K的激活与表达与T2DM病人AF的发生可能有关。 -
关键词:
- 心房颤动 /
- 基质金属蛋白酶9 /
- 磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the changes of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9) and phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase(PI3K) levels mediated by oxidative stress and the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). MethodsTwo hundred T2DM patients with AF were collected, including 62 cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PaAF), 70 cases of persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) and 68 cases of permanent atrial fibrillation(PerAF).Ninety patients with simple T2DM were selected as control group.The levels of MMP9, PI3K and protein expression in serum were measured by ELISA and Western blotting methods, and the correlation with the measured LAD was analyzed.MMP9, PI3K and LAD were included in Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistics regression analysis, and the factors affecting AF were obtained by binary Logistics regression analysis. ResultsCompared with control group, the expression of MMP9 increased and the expression of PI3K decreased in PaAF, PeAF and PerAF groups.Compared with PaAF group, the expression of MMP9 in PeAF group and PerAF group increased and the expression of PI3K decreased (P < 0.01).Compared with PeAF group, the expression level of MMP9 in PerAF group increased and the expression level of PI3K decreased.Western blotting showed and there was an up-regulation trend in MMP9 and a down-regulation trend in PI3K.Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between MMP9, PI3K and LAD.The results showed that in all experimental groups, the concentration of MMP9 was positively correlated with LAD (r=0.842), and PI3K was negatively correlated with LAD (r=0.868).Binary logistics regression analysis showed that MMP9, PI3K and LAD were risk factors for AF. ConclusionsThe expression of MMP9 in serum of patients with T2DM complicated with AF is significantly increased, while the expression of PI3K is significantly decreased, and there is a certain correlation between MMP9 and LAD.The activation and expression of MMP9 and PI3K may be related to the occurrence of AF in patients with T2DM. -
表 1 4组受试者基线资料的比较(x±s)
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 体质量指数/
(kg/m2)SBP/mmHg DBP/mmHg 对照组 90 66.94±7.19 18 23.73±2.36 122.8±6.80 85.09±7.282 PaAF组 62 66.45±6.51 16 24.10±2.28 124.1±6.68 81.73±7.82 PeAF组 70 67.14±6.55 23 24.18±2.06 123.6±7.27 83.46±8.291 PerAF组 68 67.74±7.85 15 23.96±2.16 124.6±6.73 83.51±7.64 F — 0.37 3.85 0.63 1.00 2.34 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 MS组内 — 49.97 — 4.958 47.32 59.80 分组 n FBG/(mmol/L) TG/(mmol/L) HDL/(mmol/L) LDL/ (mmol/L) RBC/ (×1012/L) WBC/(×109/L) 对照组 90 6.34±0.35 1.69±0.36 1.23±0.18 2.60±0.22 4.44±0.16 5.79±1.29 PaAF组 62 6.23±0.33 1.69±0.45 1.21±0.16 2.58±0.25 4.42±0.17 6.29±2.79 PeAF组 70 6.32±0.38 1.66±0.48 1.26±0.18 2.60±0.25 4.40±0.16 6.30±2.31 PerAF组 68 6.26±0.34 1.76±0.37 1.26±0.22 2.61±0.29 4.37±0.18 6.19±2.19 F — 1.16 0.72 1.15 0.16 2.25 1.03 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 MS组内 — 0.12 0.171 0.034 0.063 0.029 4.589 分组 n PLT/(×109/L) Scr/(μmol/L) ALT/(U/L) AST/(U/L) LAD/mm LVEF/% 对照组 90 210.29±42.01 67.10±10.79 21.64±11.01 24.39±5.79 37.43±3.11 60.19±6.54 PaAF组 62 211.39±53.34 68.42±15.02 24.38±12.23 26.12±9.87 40.10±3.09 58.67±4.66 PeAF组 70 210.12±40.65 70.79±16.32 24.19±12.29 26.39±8.07 42.81±2.09 55.27±4.16 PerAF组 68 207.00±40.10 67.69±18.19 24.01±12.10 25.95±12.11 44.57±3.28 54.92±3.14 F — 0.12 0.86 0.97 0.82 88.67 20.96 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 1 931.395 226.117 140.363 81.277 8.620 24.426 表 2 各组MMP9、PI3K水平比较(x±s)
分组 n MMP9/(ng/mL) PI3K/(mU/L) 对照组 90 54.20±13.95 1 196.30±86.87 PaAF组 62 68.10±11.82* 1 080.22±96.97* PeAF组 70 84.57±15.11*# 826.40±93.07*# PerAF组 68 103.87±13.80*#△ 717.43±92.80*#△ F — 183.45 717.43 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 190.052 8 461.176 q检验:与对照组比较*P < 0.01;与PaAF组比较#P < 0.01;与PeAF组比较△P < 0.01 表 3 各组MMP9、PI3K蛋白表达水平比较(x±s)
分组 MMP9/β-actin PI3K/β-actin 对照组 0.458 8±0.040 41 1.037±0.044 PaAF组 0.844 9±0.045 83* 0.836±0.036* PeAF组 1.047±0.037 86*# 0.798±0.012*# PerAF组 1.145±0.045 09*#△ 0.634±0.025*#△ F 153.60 82.76 P < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 0.002 0.001 q检验:与对照组比较*P < 0.01;与PaAF组比较#P < 0.01;与PeAF组比较△P < 0.01 表 4 logistic多因素回归分析结果
指标 B SE 95%CI OR t P MMP9 0.208 0.081 1.051~1.442 1.231 2.57 < 0.05 PI3K -0.022 0.007 0.966~0.991 0.968 3.14 < 0.05 LAD 0.647 0.252 1.165~3.130 1.910 2.57 < 0.05 -
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