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石榴Punica granatum L.为石榴科Punicaceae石榴属Punica的落叶灌木或小乔木,别名安石榴、山力叶等。在我国,石榴具有悠久的栽培历史,且具有产量充足、品种丰富等优点。在中医学理论体系中,石榴性味甘、酸涩,性温,具有生津止渴、收敛固涩、止血敛血等作用。石榴的不同部位具有不同的药性[1],其各部位的中药药性及功效见表 1。同时,石榴中含有鞣花酸、没食子酸、安石榴苷等多种活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、预防心血管疾病等药理活性,为把石榴用于改善癌症、炎症、糖尿病等病理状况及临床应用提供诸多新的思路,故探讨石榴的化学成分及药理活性十分重要。
部位 性味归经 功效主治 石榴皮 味酸、涩,性温。归大肠经。 涩肠止泻, 止血, 驱虫。用于久泻、久痢、便血、脱肛、崩漏、带下、虫积腹痛。 石榴叶 味酸、涩,性温。归肝经。 收敛止泻,解毒杀虫。用于泄泻、痘风疮、癞疮、跌打损伤。 石榴花 味酸、涩,性平。归脾、肾经。 活血止血, 祛瘀止痛。治鼻衄、中耳炎、创伤出血、月经不调、牙痛、吐血。 石榴果(籽) 味酸、甘,性温、润。归肾、大肠经。 主治培根寒症、胃寒症及一切胃病。 表 1 石榴不同部位的中药药性及功效
石榴的化学成分及在疾病中应用研究进展
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表 1 石榴不同部位的中药药性及功效
部位 性味归经 功效主治 石榴皮 味酸、涩,性温。归大肠经。 涩肠止泻, 止血, 驱虫。用于久泻、久痢、便血、脱肛、崩漏、带下、虫积腹痛。 石榴叶 味酸、涩,性温。归肝经。 收敛止泻,解毒杀虫。用于泄泻、痘风疮、癞疮、跌打损伤。 石榴花 味酸、涩,性平。归脾、肾经。 活血止血, 祛瘀止痛。治鼻衄、中耳炎、创伤出血、月经不调、牙痛、吐血。 石榴果(籽) 味酸、甘,性温、润。归肾、大肠经。 主治培根寒症、胃寒症及一切胃病。 -
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