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前列腺癌是一种泌尿生殖系统的恶性肿瘤, 是全世界发病率最高的男性恶性肿瘤之一。据估计,2020年全球新增约141万前列腺癌确诊病例,约37万人因前列腺癌死亡[1]。中国的前列腺癌发病率仍低于西方发达国家,但是近年来随着生活方式的改变和筛查方法的普及,我国前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率都在持续上升[2]。因此对前列腺癌侵袭和转移机制的分子水平研究仍有十分重要的意义。线粒体亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶2(mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2, MTHFD2),于1960年在艾氏腹水瘤细胞中首次被发现,它是线粒体中一种参与细胞活动的重要酶[3]。本研究通过RNA干扰技术下调MTHFD2基因在前列腺癌PC3细胞中的表达,探讨其对前列腺癌细胞侵袭和转移能力的影响。
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采用qRT-PCR法检测人正常前列腺上皮细胞RWPE-1以及前列腺癌PC3细胞中MTHFD2的表达。结果显示,前列腺癌PC3细胞中MTHFD2表达水平(3.86±0.38),较正常前列腺上皮细胞表达量(1.00±0.24)升高(t=11.02,P < 0.05)。
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qT-PCR结果显示,ctrl组、si-NC组以及si-MTHFD2组MTHFD2水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);si-MTHFD2组MTHFD2 mRNA水平较ctrl组以及si-NC组表达均降低(P < 0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n MTHFD2 F P MS组内 ctrl组 3 1.00±0.08 52.02 < 0.01 0.005 si-NC组 3 0.99±0.08 si-MTHFD2组 3 0.48±0.05*# q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 1 下调MTHFD2抑制PC3细胞中MTHFD2水平的表达(x±s)
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细胞凋亡实验结果显示,ctrl组、si-NC组以及si-MTHFD2组凋亡率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);si-MTHFD2组凋亡能力较ctrl组以及si-NC组表达均增加(P < 0.05)(见图 1、表 2)。
分组 n 凋亡率/% F P MS组内 ctrl组 3 17.91±1.26 54.10 < 0.01 2.239 si-NC组 3 19.70±1.32 si-MTHFD2组 3 29.13±1.84*# q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 2 下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞凋亡能力的影响(x±s)
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划痕实验结果显示,si-MTHFD2组细胞迁移能力较ctrl组、si-NC组明显减弱,表明si-MTHFD2显著降低了PC3细胞迁移能力(见图 2)。
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Transwell细胞侵袭实验结果显示,si-MTHFD2组细胞侵袭能力较ctrl组、si-NC组均减弱(P < 0.05)(见图 3、表 3)。
分组 n 侵袭数/个 F P MS组内 ctrl组 3 53.21 ± 3.46 111.10 < 0.05 9.311 si-NC组 3 52.36 ± 3.52 si-MTHFD2组 3 20.63± 1.89*# q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 3 下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞侵袭能力的影响(x±s)
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Western blotting结果显示, 与ctrl组和si-NC组相比,si-MTHFD2组中E-cadherin蛋白水平升高(P < 0.05);与ctrl组和si-NC组相比,si-MTHFD2组中Vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白水平降低(P < 0.05)(见图 4、表 4)。
分组 n E-cadherin Vimentin N-cadherin ctrl组 3 0.40±0.04 0.42±0.03 0.48±0.03 si-NC组 3 0.43±0.04 0.40±0.03 0.45±0.03 si-MTHFD2组 3 0.82±0.05*# 0.23±0.02*# 0.26±0.02*# F — 86.68 44.59 58.23 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.002 0.001 0.001 q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 4 下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)相关蛋白表达的影响(x±s)
下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞的侵袭和转移的作用及影响机制
Down-regulation of MTHFD2 inhibits invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer PC3 cells
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摘要:
目的观察线粒体亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶2(mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2, MTHFD2)基因表达对人前列腺癌PC3细胞侵袭和转移能力的影响。 方法人前列腺癌PC3细胞分为3组: 空白对照组(ctrl组)、阴性对照组(si-NC组)及转染siRNA-MTHFD2组(si-MTHFD2组)。采用qRT-PCR法检测人正常前列腺上皮细胞RWPE-1以及前列腺癌PC3细胞中MTHFD2的mRNA表达,通过流式细胞术检测MTHFD2对PC3细胞凋亡的影响,通过划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力的变化,通过Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力的变化,采用Western blotting检测E-cadherin、Vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白表达变化。 结果前列腺癌PC3细胞较正常前列腺上皮细胞中MTHFD2表达水平升高(P < 0.05),si-MTHFD2组MTHFD2 mRNA表达水平较ctrl组和si-NC组降低(P < 0.05);si-MTHFD2组细胞迁移和侵袭能力较ctrl组和si-NC组降低(P < 0.05);si-MTHFD2组E-candherin蛋白表达水平较ctrl组和si-NC组升高(P < 0.05),Vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白表达水平较ctrl组和si-NC组降低(P < 0.05)。 结论下调MTHFD2表达可增加前列腺癌细胞凋亡能力,抑制前列腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力。 -
关键词:
- 前列腺肿瘤 /
- 线粒体亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶2 /
- 侵袭 /
- 转移
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) on cell invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer PC3 cells. MethodsThe prostate cancer PC3 cells were divided into 3 groups: blank control group (ctrl group), negative control group (si-NC group) and transfected siRNA-MTHFD2 group (si-MTHFD2 group).The mRNA expression of MTHFD2 in human normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1 and prostate cancer PC3 cells was detected by qRT-PCR.The apoptosis rate in different groups was detected by flow cytometry, the changes of cell migration ability were detected by scratch test, the changes of cell invasion ability were detected by Transwell test, and the changes of E-cadherin, Vimentin and N-cadherin protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. ResultsThe expression level of MTHFD2 in prostate cancer PC3 cells was significantly higher than that in normal prostate epithelial cells(P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression level of MTHFD2 in si-MTHFD2 group was significantly lower than that in ctrl and si-NC groups(P < 0.05).The results of cell scratch and invasion assay showed that the migration and invasion abilities in si-MTHFD2 group was significantly lower than in ctrl and si-NC groups(P < 0.05).E-candherin protein expression level in si-MTHFD2 group was significantly higher than that in ctrl and si-NC groups(P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of vimentin and N-cadherin were significantly lower than those in ctrl and si-NC groups. ConclusionsDown-regulation of MTHFD2 expression can increase the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and inhibit the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. -
表 1 下调MTHFD2抑制PC3细胞中MTHFD2水平的表达(x±s)
分组 n MTHFD2 F P MS组内 ctrl组 3 1.00±0.08 52.02 < 0.01 0.005 si-NC组 3 0.99±0.08 si-MTHFD2组 3 0.48±0.05*# q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 2 下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞凋亡能力的影响(x±s)
分组 n 凋亡率/% F P MS组内 ctrl组 3 17.91±1.26 54.10 < 0.01 2.239 si-NC组 3 19.70±1.32 si-MTHFD2组 3 29.13±1.84*# q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 3 下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞侵袭能力的影响(x±s)
分组 n 侵袭数/个 F P MS组内 ctrl组 3 53.21 ± 3.46 111.10 < 0.05 9.311 si-NC组 3 52.36 ± 3.52 si-MTHFD2组 3 20.63± 1.89*# q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 表 4 下调MTHFD2对前列腺癌PC3细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)相关蛋白表达的影响(x±s)
分组 n E-cadherin Vimentin N-cadherin ctrl组 3 0.40±0.04 0.42±0.03 0.48±0.03 si-NC组 3 0.43±0.04 0.40±0.03 0.45±0.03 si-MTHFD2组 3 0.82±0.05*# 0.23±0.02*# 0.26±0.02*# F — 86.68 44.59 58.23 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.002 0.001 0.001 q检验: 与ctrl组比较*P < 0.05;与si-NC组比较#P < 0.05 -
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