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糖尿病已成为我国社会的慢性流行病,其危害在于糖尿病慢性并发症导致的糖尿病病人致死致残率增加,严重降低病人的生存质量[1-2]。多达10%~20%的T2DM病人在诊断时已患有糖尿病下肢血管病变(lower-extremity arterial disease, LEAD),且糖尿病是心、脑血管疾患的独立危险因素[3]。LEAD患病率随年龄的增大而增加,根据踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index, ABI)检查结果判断,我国50岁以上合并至少一种心血管危险因素的糖尿病病人中,约1/5合并有LEAD[4-7],LEAD在确诊1年后心血管事件发生率达21.1%[8]。在血管病变基础上,常常伴发糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetes peripheral neuropathy, DPN)。甲状腺素在调节代谢中起着至关重要的作用,研究[9]发现,约25.7%的亚临床甲状腺功能减退病人合并存在代谢综合征。研究[10-11]显示,甲状腺激素水平与多种糖尿病慢性并发症相关,如糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变等。已知低水平游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine, FT4)与代谢综合征相关,可加重胰岛素抵抗,但低水平FT4是否参与糖尿病并发症LEAD、DPN的发生尚不明确。本研究探讨甲状腺功能正常且伴有LEAD或DPN并发症的T2DM病人甲状腺激素水平,并分析其相关性。现作报道。
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性别、FT3、T3、T4、TSH、GLU、GA、PA、GLB、A/G、TG、TC、HDL、LDL、Apo A、Apo B、Lp(a)在3组病人间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),年龄、FT4、TP、ALB、Apo E在3组间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
项目 单纯T2DM组(n=348) LEAD组(n=704) DPN组(n=290) Hc P 男 236 501 189 3.75* > 0.05 年龄/岁 53(42, 62) 56(49, 63) 55(46, 64) 24.55 < 0.01 FT3/(pmol/L) 4.9(4.3, 5.5) 4.8(4.2, 5.4) 4.8(4.2, 5.4) 3.27 > 0.05 FT4/(pmol/L) 16.5(14.3, 18.8) 16.1(14.0, 18.0) 15.9(13.9, 17.8) 9.85 < 0.01 T3/(ng/mL) 1.2(1.0, 1.4) 1.2(1.0, 1.4) 1.2(1.0, 14) 1.61 > 0.05 T4/(μg/dL) 7.5(6.4, 8.8) 7.3(6.2, 8.7) 7.6(6.5, 8.8) 1.69 > 0.05 TSH/(μlU/mL) 1.6(1.1, 2.5) 1.8(1.1, 2.6) 1.8(1.2, 2.7) 2.96 > 0.05 GLU/(mmol/L) 6.7(5.6, 8.7) 6.8(5.6, 8.8) 7.2(5.8, 9.5) 4.62 > 0.05 GA 18.8(15.6, 22.8) 18.8(15.6, 24.0) 19.8(16.4, 22.4) 3.27 > 0.05 TP/(g/L) 67.2(63.4, 71.7) 66.5(63.0, 70.2) 66.2(63.0, 70.7) 6.73 < 0.05 ALB/(g/L) 42.1(39.0, 44.7) 40.9(38.7, 43.7) 41.0(38.6, 43.2) 12.33 < 0.01 PA/(mg/L) 257.3(220.9, 294.9) 254.9(218.5, 291.7) 247.9(205.4, 291.5) 2.12 > 0.05 GLB/(g/L) 25.3(23.2, 28.0) 25.3(23.1, 27.6) 25.2(22.9, 27.9) 0.81 > 0.05 VA/G 1.7(1.5, 1.8) 1.6(1.5, 1.8) 1.6(1.5, 1.8) 1.00 > 0.05 TG/(mmol/L) 1.5(1.0, 2.3) 1.4(1.0, 2.2) 1.5(1.0, 2.2) 1.59 > 0.05 TC/(mmol/L) 4.1(3.4, 4.9) 4.1(3.5, 4.7) 4.2(3.5, 4.8) 2.99 > 0.05 HDL/(mmol/L) 1.0(0.8, 1.2) 1.0(0.9, 1.1) 1.0(0.9, 1.2) 4.31 > 0.05 LDL/(mmol/L) 2.4(1.9, 3.1) 2.5(2.0, 3.0) 2.5(1.9, 3.1) 0.91 > 0.05 Apo A/(g/L) 1.2(1.1, 1.3) 1.2(1.0, 1.3) 1.2(1.1, 1.3) 4.37 > 0.05 Apo B/(g/L) 0.8(0.78, 1.0) 0.8(0.7, 1.0) 0.8(0.7, 1.0) 0.81 > 0.05 Apo E/(mg/L) 36.8(29.2, 48.8) 34.1(27.1, 43.2) 36.2(28.2, 46.8) 11.51 < 0.01 Lp(a)/(mg/L) 129(61, 229) 115(57, 225) 106(55, 232) 1.98 > 0.05 *示χ2值 表 1 3组病人一般资料和代谢相关指标[M(P25,P75)]
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不同FT4水平病人的LEAD和DPN患病率间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),不同THS、FT3、T4、T3水平病人LEAD和DPN患病率间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n T2DM LEAD DPN χ2 P TSH Q1 984 262(26.6) 514(52.2) 208(21.1) 1.10 > 0.05 Q2 358 86(24.0) 190(53.1) 82(22.9) FT4 Q1 322 73(22.7) 175(54.3) 74(23.0) 14.94 < 0.05 Q2 342 82(24.0) 183(53.5) 77(22.5) Q3 340 79(23.2) 183(53.8) 78(22.9) Q4 338 114(33.7) 163(48.2) 61(18.0) FT3 Q1 324 82(25.3) 169(52.2) 73(22.5) 5.38 > 0.05 Q2 333 74(22.2) 182(54.7) 77(23.1) Q3 359 99(27.6) 191(53.2) 69(19.2) Q4 326 93(28.5) 162(49.7) 71(21.8) T4 Q1 336 78(23.2) 192(57.1) 66(19.6) 5.34 > 0.05 Q2 327 91(27.8) 169(51.7) 67(20.5) Q3 352 92(26.1) 175(49.7) 85(24.1) Q4 327 87(26.6) 168(51.5) 72(22.0) T3 Q1 297 74(24.9) 154(51.9) 69(23.2) 4.30 > 0.05 Q2 392 104(26.5) 198(50.5) 90(23.0) Q3 354 86(24.3) 200(56.5) 68(19.2) Q4 299 84(28.1) 152(50.8) 63(21.1) 表 2 不同甲状腺激素水平病人的LEAD、DNP患病率分析[n;百分率(%)]
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结果显示,3组病人年龄、TP、ALB、Apo E间差异均有统计学意义,因此在logistic回归分析中排除其影响,在LEAD组中以FT4 Q4为参考进行比较分析,在DPN组中以FT4 Q4为参考进行比较分析,结果显示,FT4为LEAD和DPN发生的独立影响因素(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 3)。
变量 LEAD DPN B SE Wald χ2 OR(95%CI) P B SE Waldχ2 OR(95%CI) P FT4 Q1 0.439 0.195 5.057 1.552(1.058~2.276) < 0.05 0.487 0.241 4.074 1.628(1.014~2.612) < 0.05 FT4 Q2 0.385 0.186 4.263 1.469(1.020~2.117) < 0.05 0.520 0.229 5.126 1.681(1.072~2.636) < 0.05 FT4 Q3 0.471 0.187 6.357 1.602(1.111~2.310) < 0.05 0.613 0.229 7.189 1.847(1.179~2.891) < 0.01 FT4 Q4 Reference Reference 表 3 LEAD和DPN发生风险的多因素logistic回归分析
甲状腺激素与糖尿病慢性并发症患病率的相关性分析
Analysis of correlation between thyroid hormone and prevalence of chronic complications in diabetes mellitus
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摘要:
目的探讨正常范围内甲状腺激素水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人下肢血管病变(LEAD)及周围神经病变(DPN)患病率的相关性。 方法收集初诊的1 342例T2DM病人临床资料,根据病人疾病诊断结果分为单纯T2DM组348例、LEAD组704例和DPN组290例,比较3组病人的临床及代谢指标,并分析不同水平甲状腺激素病人LEAD及DPN的患病率及其相关性。 结果年龄、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总蛋白、白蛋白、载脂蛋白E在3组间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。按甲状腺激素的四分位数进行分层,分析发现不同FT4水平病人的LEAD和DPN患病率间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,FT4为LEAD和DPN发生的独立影响因素(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论低水平的FT4为T2DM病人发生LEAD和DPN的风险因素。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo identify the correlation between normal thyroid hormones and the prevalence of lower-extremity arterial disease(LEAD) and diabetes peripheral neuropathy(DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients. MethodsA total of 1 342 T2DM patients were enrolled from January 2014 to October 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University and stratified into T2DM group(348 cases), LEAD group(704 cases) and DPN group(290 cases) depending on their disease's diagnosis.The differences in basic data and biochemical indexes between the three groups were compared.At the same time, the correlation between the incidence of LEAD, DPN and thyroid hormone was analyzed. ResultsAge, free thyroxine(FT4), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), apolipoprotein E(apo E) were significantly different among the three groups(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).Stratified by the quartile of thyroid hormone, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of LEAD and DPN among patients with different FT4 levels(P < 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FT4 was an independent factor affecting the occurrence of lead and DPN(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). ConclusionsLow level of FT4 is a risk factor for LEAD and DPN in patients with T2DN. -
表 1 3组病人一般资料和代谢相关指标[M(P25,P75)]
项目 单纯T2DM组(n=348) LEAD组(n=704) DPN组(n=290) Hc P 男 236 501 189 3.75* > 0.05 年龄/岁 53(42, 62) 56(49, 63) 55(46, 64) 24.55 < 0.01 FT3/(pmol/L) 4.9(4.3, 5.5) 4.8(4.2, 5.4) 4.8(4.2, 5.4) 3.27 > 0.05 FT4/(pmol/L) 16.5(14.3, 18.8) 16.1(14.0, 18.0) 15.9(13.9, 17.8) 9.85 < 0.01 T3/(ng/mL) 1.2(1.0, 1.4) 1.2(1.0, 1.4) 1.2(1.0, 14) 1.61 > 0.05 T4/(μg/dL) 7.5(6.4, 8.8) 7.3(6.2, 8.7) 7.6(6.5, 8.8) 1.69 > 0.05 TSH/(μlU/mL) 1.6(1.1, 2.5) 1.8(1.1, 2.6) 1.8(1.2, 2.7) 2.96 > 0.05 GLU/(mmol/L) 6.7(5.6, 8.7) 6.8(5.6, 8.8) 7.2(5.8, 9.5) 4.62 > 0.05 GA 18.8(15.6, 22.8) 18.8(15.6, 24.0) 19.8(16.4, 22.4) 3.27 > 0.05 TP/(g/L) 67.2(63.4, 71.7) 66.5(63.0, 70.2) 66.2(63.0, 70.7) 6.73 < 0.05 ALB/(g/L) 42.1(39.0, 44.7) 40.9(38.7, 43.7) 41.0(38.6, 43.2) 12.33 < 0.01 PA/(mg/L) 257.3(220.9, 294.9) 254.9(218.5, 291.7) 247.9(205.4, 291.5) 2.12 > 0.05 GLB/(g/L) 25.3(23.2, 28.0) 25.3(23.1, 27.6) 25.2(22.9, 27.9) 0.81 > 0.05 VA/G 1.7(1.5, 1.8) 1.6(1.5, 1.8) 1.6(1.5, 1.8) 1.00 > 0.05 TG/(mmol/L) 1.5(1.0, 2.3) 1.4(1.0, 2.2) 1.5(1.0, 2.2) 1.59 > 0.05 TC/(mmol/L) 4.1(3.4, 4.9) 4.1(3.5, 4.7) 4.2(3.5, 4.8) 2.99 > 0.05 HDL/(mmol/L) 1.0(0.8, 1.2) 1.0(0.9, 1.1) 1.0(0.9, 1.2) 4.31 > 0.05 LDL/(mmol/L) 2.4(1.9, 3.1) 2.5(2.0, 3.0) 2.5(1.9, 3.1) 0.91 > 0.05 Apo A/(g/L) 1.2(1.1, 1.3) 1.2(1.0, 1.3) 1.2(1.1, 1.3) 4.37 > 0.05 Apo B/(g/L) 0.8(0.78, 1.0) 0.8(0.7, 1.0) 0.8(0.7, 1.0) 0.81 > 0.05 Apo E/(mg/L) 36.8(29.2, 48.8) 34.1(27.1, 43.2) 36.2(28.2, 46.8) 11.51 < 0.01 Lp(a)/(mg/L) 129(61, 229) 115(57, 225) 106(55, 232) 1.98 > 0.05 *示χ2值 表 2 不同甲状腺激素水平病人的LEAD、DNP患病率分析[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n T2DM LEAD DPN χ2 P TSH Q1 984 262(26.6) 514(52.2) 208(21.1) 1.10 > 0.05 Q2 358 86(24.0) 190(53.1) 82(22.9) FT4 Q1 322 73(22.7) 175(54.3) 74(23.0) 14.94 < 0.05 Q2 342 82(24.0) 183(53.5) 77(22.5) Q3 340 79(23.2) 183(53.8) 78(22.9) Q4 338 114(33.7) 163(48.2) 61(18.0) FT3 Q1 324 82(25.3) 169(52.2) 73(22.5) 5.38 > 0.05 Q2 333 74(22.2) 182(54.7) 77(23.1) Q3 359 99(27.6) 191(53.2) 69(19.2) Q4 326 93(28.5) 162(49.7) 71(21.8) T4 Q1 336 78(23.2) 192(57.1) 66(19.6) 5.34 > 0.05 Q2 327 91(27.8) 169(51.7) 67(20.5) Q3 352 92(26.1) 175(49.7) 85(24.1) Q4 327 87(26.6) 168(51.5) 72(22.0) T3 Q1 297 74(24.9) 154(51.9) 69(23.2) 4.30 > 0.05 Q2 392 104(26.5) 198(50.5) 90(23.0) Q3 354 86(24.3) 200(56.5) 68(19.2) Q4 299 84(28.1) 152(50.8) 63(21.1) 表 3 LEAD和DPN发生风险的多因素logistic回归分析
变量 LEAD DPN B SE Wald χ2 OR(95%CI) P B SE Waldχ2 OR(95%CI) P FT4 Q1 0.439 0.195 5.057 1.552(1.058~2.276) < 0.05 0.487 0.241 4.074 1.628(1.014~2.612) < 0.05 FT4 Q2 0.385 0.186 4.263 1.469(1.020~2.117) < 0.05 0.520 0.229 5.126 1.681(1.072~2.636) < 0.05 FT4 Q3 0.471 0.187 6.357 1.602(1.111~2.310) < 0.05 0.613 0.229 7.189 1.847(1.179~2.891) < 0.01 FT4 Q4 Reference Reference -
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