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在世界范围内,肝细胞癌(HCC)是导致癌症死亡的第四大原因,每年约造成782 000例病人死亡[1]。在HCC高发地区,如中国和撒哈拉以南非洲地区,慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)仍是其主要病因。手术切除是目前早期HCC的重要治疗手段,术后病人5年生存率可达70%[2]。研究[3]表明,HCC治疗方案的选择与预后和肝功能密切相关。Child-Pugh分级A级是HCC根治性手术的重要指征,然而仍有部分病人预后较差[4-5]。有学者[6]建立了一种新的、简单的肝功能评估模型,称为白蛋白-胆红素(albumin-bilirubin, ALBI)分级。有研究[7-8]发现,ALBI分级在评估HCC病人肝功能、肝切除术后肝衰竭风险及术后生存方面的价值均优于传统的Child-Pugh分级。然而,ALBI分级却不包括反映肝硬化程度的指标,肝硬化合并门脉高压被认为是影响肝癌病人长期生存的不利因素。血小板-白蛋白-胆红素(platelet-albumin-bilirubin, PALBI)分级系统则把血小板计数作为门脉高压的替代品用来反映肝硬化的程度,其已被证实是一种更理想的肝功能评估模型[9-10]。目前有关ALBI和PALBI分级在Child-Pugh分级A级HCC病人中的应用尚无报道,本文就2种分级模型在HBV相关性HCC病人预后评估中的应用价值作一探讨。现作报道。
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134例病人中,ALBI分级1级86例(64.2%),2级48例(35.8%);PALBI分级1级83例(61.9%),2级44例(32.8%),3级7例(5.2%)。ALT、TBIL、ALB在不同ALBI分级病人间差异均有统计学意义,AST、TBIL、ALB、PLT和肿瘤直径在不同PALBI分级病人间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
变量 ALBI分级 PALBI分级 1级(n=86) 2级(n=48) χ2 P 1级(n=83) 2/3级(n=51) χ2 P 性别 男
女66
2012
360.05 >0.05 67
1635
162.54 >0.05 年龄/岁 51.5±10.9 52.3±11.5 0.40* >0.05 51.5±10.5 52.2±12.0 0.33* >0.05 ALT/(U/L) 30.7(20.0~47.9) 38.7(26.9~91.3) 1.82# < 0.05 33.0(23.2~47.5) 36.0(25.5~82.1) 0.94# >0.05 AST/(U/L) 32.5(25.4~45.2) 39.3(25.6~76.3) 1.15# >0.05 32.4(24.4~44.6) 42.0(27.8~79.7) 3.17# < 0.05 TBIL/(μmol/L) 13.1(10.0~16.1) 15.7(11.6~20.3) 2.64# < 0.05 11.8(9.6~14.3) 18.5(14.9~24.3) 6.17# < 0.01 ALB/(g/L) 42.2(40.7~45.2) 36.2(34.0~37.2) 13.04# < 0.01 41.7(39.0~44.4) 38.1(35.9~41.7) 4.54# < 0.01 PT-INR 1.06(1.03~1.12) 1.09(1.02-1.19) 1.46# >0.05 1.06(1.02~1.13) 1.09(1.03~1.18) 1.57# >0.05 PLT/(109/L) 146(111~190) 120(95-183) 1.15# >0.05 130(96~169) 173(105~235) 3.25# < 0.01 AFP/(ng/mL) ≥400
<40028
5012
320.95 >0.05 26
4814
340.47 >0.05 腹水 是
否10
768
400.67 >0.05 10
738
430.36 >0.05 肿瘤直径/cm >5
≤537
4927
212.16 >0.05 32
5132
517.41 < 0.01 肿瘤数目 多发
单发6
805
430.14 >0.05 6
775
460.04 >0.05 血管侵犯 是
否14
725
430.46 >0.05 15
684
471.94 >0.05 肝硬化 是
否46
4029
190.60 >0.05 48
3527
240.31 >0.05 *示t值;#示uc值 表 1 相关指标在不同ALBI、PALBI分级病人中比较(n)
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经27个月的中位随访后,病死37例(27.6%),术后复发35例(26.1%)。HCC病人3年OS中位数为22个月,3年RFS中位数为21个月。依据ALBI分级(1级和2级)生存分析,其分级下OS中位数及四分位数间距分别为23(21)、19(20)个月(uc=6.07,P < 0.05);RFS中位数及四分位数间距分别为22(21)、18(18)个月(uc=8.60,P < 0.01),差异均有统计学意义。依据PALBI分级(1级和2/3级)生存分析,其OS中位数及四分位数间距分别为24(20)、20(20)个月(uc=7.88,P < 0.01);其RFS中位数及四分位数间距分别为23(19)和19(16)个月(uc=3.36,P < 0.01),差异均有统计学意义。
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随访结果显示,HCC病人1、2、3年OS率分别为83.5%、72.9%、66.4%,RFS率分别为78.4%、65.4%、62.1%。单因素分析表明,ALBI分级(OR=2.197,95%CI 1.152~4.191)、PALBI分级(OR=2.452,95%CI 1.279~4.702)、AST(OR=1.967,95%CI 1.025~3.773)、AFP(OR=3.187,95%CI 1.650~60.156)、肿瘤直径(OR=6.158,95%CI 2.699~14.047)、肿瘤数目(OR=3.078,95%CI 1.351~7.014)与HCC病人OS均具有相关性(P < 0.01)。ALBI(OR=2.261,95%CI 1.258~4.062)、PALBI(OR=2.194,95%CI 1.220~3.945)、AST(OR=1.961,95%CI 1.084~3.548)、TBIL(OR=1.826,95%CI 1.010~3.301)、AFP(OR=3.193,95%CI 1.760~5.791)、肿瘤直径(OR=5.426,95%CI 2.678~10.991)、肿瘤数目(OR=2.432,95%CI 1.085~5.451)、肝硬化(OR=2.056,95%CI 1.079~3.919)与HCC病人RFS均具有相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。
多因素分析显示,ALBI分级(OR=2.332,95%CI 1.171~4.633)、PALBI分级(OR=2.343,95%CI 1.191~4.624)和AFP(OR=2.011,95%CI 1.001~4.012)、肿瘤直径(OR=4.892,95%CI 2.073~11.542)、肿瘤数目(OR=2.783,95%CI 1.202~6.473)均为OS的独立影响因素(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);ALBI分级(OR=2.392,95%CI 1.231~4.624)、PALBI分级(OR=2.460,95%CI 1.131~5.382)、AFP(OR=2.401,95%CI 1.272~4.521)、肿瘤直径(OR=4.391,95%CI 2.112~9.113)、肿瘤数目(OR=2.931,95%CI 1.193~7.241)均为RFS的独立影响因素(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。
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基于C指数评价生存模型依次为: CLIP(C指数0.699,95%CI 0.594~0.804)、PALBI(C指数0.671,95%CI 0.565~0.776)、BCLC(C指数0.670,95%CI 0.565~0.775)、ALBI(C指数0.650,95%CI 0.542~0.758)、MELD(C指数0.477,95%CI 0.366~0.588)。本研究中病人均为ALBI分级1~2级,无BCLC 0期病人,因此将ALBI分级纳入原BCLC分期(BCLC-ALBI),得出其与BCLC分期的C指数相同。而与CLIP评分相比,将ALBI分级纳入原CLIP评分(CLIP-ALBI)在预测生存率方面具有更高的准确性。结合肿瘤直径后,ALBI+肿瘤直径(C指数0.754,95%CI 0.664~0.844)和PALBI+肿瘤直径(C指数0.762,95%CI 0.675~0.849)在评估预后价值方面较BCLC、BCLC-ALBI、CLIP及CLIP-ALBI等分期系统更佳。
ALBI和PALBI分级在乙肝相关性肝细胞癌病人预后评估中的价值
The value of ALBI and PALBI grades in the prognostic assessment of hepatitis B virus associated HCC patients
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摘要:
目的探讨白蛋白-胆红素(ALBI)和血小板-白蛋白-胆红素(PALBI)分级在Child-Pugh A级肝细胞癌(HCC)病人预后评估中的价值。 方法行根治性手术的Child-Pugh A级乙肝相关性HCC病人134例,根据术前血清学检查结果计算ALBI和PALBI分级,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Cox回归分析评估病人总生存期(OS)和无复发生存期(RFS)。 结果经随访,病死37例,复发35例。Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示,ALBI、PALBI分级与OS和RFS均具有相关关系(P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示,ALBI和PALBI分级均为病人独立的预后模型。不同评分系统间,PLABI+肿瘤直径、ALBI+肿瘤直径、ALBI+意大利肝癌小组评分(CLIP)较单独的CLIP、PLABI、ALBI、终末期肝癌模型评分、巴塞罗那分期在预后预测能力方面更具有意义。 结论ALBI和PALBI分级是评估Child-Pugh A级HCC病人预后有价值的模型,如结合肿瘤直径,PALBI较ALBI分级有更好的预后价值。 -
关键词:
- 肝细胞肿瘤 /
- 白蛋白-胆红素分级 /
- 血小板-白蛋白-胆红素分级 /
- 预后
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the value of albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) and platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) grades in the prognostic evaluation of Child-Pugh grade A HCC patients. MethodsClinical data of 134 Child-Pugh grade A hepatitis B virus associated HCC patients undergoing radical resection were retrospectively analyzed.ALBI and PALBI grades were calculated based on preoperative serologic examination.Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression. ResultsAfter follow-up, 37 patients died and 35 patients relapsed.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that ALBI and PALBI grades were significantly correlated with OS and RFS (P < 0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that both ALBI and PALBI grades were independent prognostic models for patients.Among different scoring systems, PLABI + tumor diameter, ALBI + tumor diameter, and ALBI + Italian liver cancer group score (CLIP) were more significant in predicting prognosis than CLIP, PLABI, ALBI, end-stage liver cancer model score, and Barcelona staging alone. ConclusionsALBI and PALBI grades are valuable models for evaluating the prognosis of Child-Pugh grade A HCC patients, if when they combine with tumor diameter, PALBI grade has better prognostic value for HCC patients than ALBI grade. -
表 1 相关指标在不同ALBI、PALBI分级病人中比较(n)
变量 ALBI分级 PALBI分级 1级(n=86) 2级(n=48) χ2 P 1级(n=83) 2/3级(n=51) χ2 P 性别 男
女66
2012
360.05 >0.05 67
1635
162.54 >0.05 年龄/岁 51.5±10.9 52.3±11.5 0.40* >0.05 51.5±10.5 52.2±12.0 0.33* >0.05 ALT/(U/L) 30.7(20.0~47.9) 38.7(26.9~91.3) 1.82# < 0.05 33.0(23.2~47.5) 36.0(25.5~82.1) 0.94# >0.05 AST/(U/L) 32.5(25.4~45.2) 39.3(25.6~76.3) 1.15# >0.05 32.4(24.4~44.6) 42.0(27.8~79.7) 3.17# < 0.05 TBIL/(μmol/L) 13.1(10.0~16.1) 15.7(11.6~20.3) 2.64# < 0.05 11.8(9.6~14.3) 18.5(14.9~24.3) 6.17# < 0.01 ALB/(g/L) 42.2(40.7~45.2) 36.2(34.0~37.2) 13.04# < 0.01 41.7(39.0~44.4) 38.1(35.9~41.7) 4.54# < 0.01 PT-INR 1.06(1.03~1.12) 1.09(1.02-1.19) 1.46# >0.05 1.06(1.02~1.13) 1.09(1.03~1.18) 1.57# >0.05 PLT/(109/L) 146(111~190) 120(95-183) 1.15# >0.05 130(96~169) 173(105~235) 3.25# < 0.01 AFP/(ng/mL) ≥400
<40028
5012
320.95 >0.05 26
4814
340.47 >0.05 腹水 是
否10
768
400.67 >0.05 10
738
430.36 >0.05 肿瘤直径/cm >5
≤537
4927
212.16 >0.05 32
5132
517.41 < 0.01 肿瘤数目 多发
单发6
805
430.14 >0.05 6
775
460.04 >0.05 血管侵犯 是
否14
725
430.46 >0.05 15
684
471.94 >0.05 肝硬化 是
否46
4029
190.60 >0.05 48
3527
240.31 >0.05 *示t值;#示uc值 -
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