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醒后缺血性卒中或醒后卒中(wake-up ischemic stroke,WUIS),指病人在睡眠时没有新发卒中症状,但觉醒后病人本人或目击者发现存在新发神经功能缺损症状的急性缺血性卒中。国外研究[1]报道,WUIS占全部急性缺血性脑卒中的9.7%~33.1%,但中国尚缺乏较权威的流行病学调查。超早期重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)阿替普酶静脉溶栓是治疗急性缺血性卒中的有效方法,但溶栓治疗受严格时间窗限制,超时间窗溶栓治疗与病人症状性颅内出血及预后不良密切相关[2]。WUIS发病时间若按照国际惯例将“病人最后看起来正常”的时间作为卒中的起病时间,更是将大部分病人排除在溶栓治疗的范围之外。研究[3-4]表明, 多模式影像学技术应用可以及时发现低灌注的缺血半暗带和可挽救的脑组织,为WUIS合理使用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗提供理论依据。本研究在多模式CT指导下,对WUIS病人应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,部分病人取得较好疗效。现作报道。
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观察组临床总有效率为78.57%,对照组为83.33%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组结局良好率为75.00%,症状性脑出血1例,对照组为80.00%,症状性脑出血0例,2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 临床疗效 临床结局 症状性脑出血 痊愈 有效 无效 mRS评分0~1分 mRS评分2~6分 观察组 28 10(35.71) 12(42.86) 6(21.43) 21(75.00) 7(25.00) 1 对照组 30 12(40.00) 13(43.33) 5(16.67) 24(80.00) 6(20.00) 0 χ2 — 0.45△ 0.21 — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05□ △示uc值;□示Fisher′s确切概率法 表 1 2组病人临床疗效和结局比较[n;百分率(%)]
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水平比较观察组治疗前及治疗后各时间点Fib、PT、APTT、PLT和hs-CRP间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);观察组治疗后Fib、PLT和hs-CRP水平低于治疗前(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),PT和APTT水平高于治疗前(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);对照组变化趋势与观察组一致,且2组各时间点各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 治疗前 治疗后24 h 治疗后7 d 治疗后14 d F P MS组内 Fib/(g/L) 观察组 28 3.91±0.56 3.65±0.32* 3.42±0.33**## 3.21±0.29**▲ 16.68 < 0.01 0.152 对照组 30 3.94±0.64 3.52±0.43* 3.32±0.41**## 3.11±0.31**▲ 17.49 < 0.01 0.215 t — -0.19 1.30 1.02 1.27 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — PT/s 观察组 28 12.21±2.64 13.11±2.75* 13.93±2.74**## 15.22±2.96**▲ 6.10 < 0.01 7.438 对照组 30 12.32±2.42 13.32±2.94* 14.17±3.15**## 15.43±3.23**▲ 6.05 < 0.01 8.505 t — -0.15 -0.27 -0.26 -0.25 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — APTT/s 观察组 28 36.72±6.75 41.84±7.32* 41.92±7.22**## 41.84±7.15**▲ 3.68 < 0.05 50.108 对照组 30 36.82±6.52 38.45±7.21* 41.54±7.56**## 42.13±7.32**▲ 3.75 < 0.05 50.908 t — -0.06 1.79 0.21 -0.16 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — PLT/(×109/L) 观察组 28 258.65±35.32 229.47±31.59* 198.31±29.29**## 181.63±27.59**▲ 34.63 < 0.01 939.008 对照组 30 251.67±33.56 231.39±29.47* 188.89±26.51**## 179.69±25.43**▲ 43.91 < 0.01 807.756 t — 0.78 -0.25 1.36 0.29 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — hs-CRP/(mg/L) 观察组 28 17.67±3.58 16.93±3.21* 10.74±2.13**## 5.86±1.98**▲ 114.12 < 0.01 7.628 对照组 30 17.56±3.34 16.82±3.42* 10.62±2.27**## 5.73±1.87**▲ 122.23 < 0.01 7.633 t — 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.21 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.838 — — — q检验: 与治疗前比较*P < 0.05;与治疗后24 h比较##P < 0.01;与治疗后7 d比较▲P < 0.05 表 2 2组治疗前及治疗后的Fib、PT、APTT、PLT、hs-CRP水平比较(x±s)
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观察组治疗前及治疗后各时间点NIHSS和Barthel评分间差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);观察组治疗后NIHSS评分逐渐降低,Barthel评分逐渐增加,与治疗前比较均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);对照组变化趋势与观察组一致,且两组各时间点比较无统计意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 治疗前 治疗后24 h 治疗后7 d 治疗后14 d F P MS组内 NIHSS 观察组 28 11.78±4.11 10.34±4.17* 9.32±3.92## 8.13±3.25▲ 4.42 < 0.01 14.768 对照组 30 11.65±4.22 10.16±3.85* 8.94±3.61## 7.45±3.17▲ 6.98 < 0.01 13.663 t — 0.93 0.85 0.69 0.85 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 Barthel指数 观察组 28 28.87±6.56 31.89±4.32* 38.43±3.37## 46.65±5.89▲ 93.22 < 0.01 21.500 对照组 30 28.62±6.89 32.37±4.56* 38.78±2.54## 48.68±6.24▲ 98.70 < 0.01 23.000 t — 0.00 —0.95 0.00 -1.37 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 q检验: 与治疗前比较*P < 0.05;与治疗后24 h比较##P < 0.01;与治疗后7 d比较▲P < 0.05 表 3 2组病人治疗前后NIHSS和Barthel评分比较(x±s;分)
多模式CT指导下觉醒型缺血性卒中阿替普酶静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性研究
Efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for the treatment of wake-up ischemic stroke under the guidance of multimode CT
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摘要:
目的研究多模式CT指导下觉醒型缺血性卒中(WUIS)病人阿替普酶静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。 方法前瞻性纳入神经内科就诊,并在急诊多模式CT指导下给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓的WUIS病人28例(观察组);收集同时期发病时间窗 < 4.5 h的非WUIS采用阿替普酶静脉溶栓病人30例(对照组)。比较2组病人治疗前及治疗后24 h、7 d和14 d的凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)]、血小板(PLT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、生活能力评分(Barthel)及临床疗效和结局。 结果观察组临床总有效率和临床结局良好率分别为78.57%和75.00%,对照组为83.33%和80.00%,2组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗后Fib、PLT和hs-CRP水平低于治疗前(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),PT和APTT水平高于治疗前(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);对照组变化趋势与观察组一致,但2组各时间点指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗后NIHSS评分逐渐降低,Barthel指数逐渐增加,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);对照组变化趋势与观察组一致,但2组各时间点指标比较差异均无统计意义(P>0.05)。 结论应用急诊多模式CT可作为WUIS病人静脉溶栓的可靠影像学依据,且有效性和安全性较高。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for the treatment of wake-up ischemic stroke(WUIS) under the guidance of multimode CT. MethodsA total of 28 patients with WUIS who were admitted to the neurology department and given intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase under the guidance of emergency multimode CT(observation group) were prospectively included.At the same time, 30 patients(control group) who were not with WUIS at the same period with time window of contemporaneous onset < 4.5 hours were collected.The coagulation function[prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), fibrinogen(Fib)], platelet(PLT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, living ability score(Barthel), clinical efficacy and outcome were compared between the two groups before treatment and 24, 7 and 14 days after treatment. ResultsThe clinical total effective rate and clinical good outcome rate in the observation group were 78.57% and 75.00%, respectively, and those in the control group were 83.33% and 80.00%, there was no statistical significance between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment, the levels of Fib, PLT and hs-CRP in the observation group were gradually lower than those before treatment, and the levels of PT and APTT were gradually higher than those before treatment, with statistical significance before and after treatment(P < 0.05).The change trend of the control group was consistent with that of the observation group, but there was no statistical significance at each time point between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment, the NIHSS score in the observation group decreased gradually and Barthel score increased gradually, which was statistically significant compared with that before treatment(P < 0.05).The change trend of the control group was consistent with that of the observation group, but there was no statistical significance at each time point between the two groups(P>0.05). ConclusionsEmergency multimode CT can be used as a reliable imaging basis for intravenous thrombolysis in WUIS patients with high efficacy and safety. -
Key words:
- wake-up ischemic stroke /
- multimode CT /
- alteplase
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表 1 2组病人临床疗效和结局比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 临床疗效 临床结局 症状性脑出血 痊愈 有效 无效 mRS评分0~1分 mRS评分2~6分 观察组 28 10(35.71) 12(42.86) 6(21.43) 21(75.00) 7(25.00) 1 对照组 30 12(40.00) 13(43.33) 5(16.67) 24(80.00) 6(20.00) 0 χ2 — 0.45△ 0.21 — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05□ △示uc值;□示Fisher′s确切概率法 表 2 2组治疗前及治疗后的Fib、PT、APTT、PLT、hs-CRP水平比较(x±s)
分组 n 治疗前 治疗后24 h 治疗后7 d 治疗后14 d F P MS组内 Fib/(g/L) 观察组 28 3.91±0.56 3.65±0.32* 3.42±0.33**## 3.21±0.29**▲ 16.68 < 0.01 0.152 对照组 30 3.94±0.64 3.52±0.43* 3.32±0.41**## 3.11±0.31**▲ 17.49 < 0.01 0.215 t — -0.19 1.30 1.02 1.27 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — PT/s 观察组 28 12.21±2.64 13.11±2.75* 13.93±2.74**## 15.22±2.96**▲ 6.10 < 0.01 7.438 对照组 30 12.32±2.42 13.32±2.94* 14.17±3.15**## 15.43±3.23**▲ 6.05 < 0.01 8.505 t — -0.15 -0.27 -0.26 -0.25 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — APTT/s 观察组 28 36.72±6.75 41.84±7.32* 41.92±7.22**## 41.84±7.15**▲ 3.68 < 0.05 50.108 对照组 30 36.82±6.52 38.45±7.21* 41.54±7.56**## 42.13±7.32**▲ 3.75 < 0.05 50.908 t — -0.06 1.79 0.21 -0.16 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — PLT/(×109/L) 观察组 28 258.65±35.32 229.47±31.59* 198.31±29.29**## 181.63±27.59**▲ 34.63 < 0.01 939.008 对照组 30 251.67±33.56 231.39±29.47* 188.89±26.51**## 179.69±25.43**▲ 43.91 < 0.01 807.756 t — 0.78 -0.25 1.36 0.29 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — — — hs-CRP/(mg/L) 观察组 28 17.67±3.58 16.93±3.21* 10.74±2.13**## 5.86±1.98**▲ 114.12 < 0.01 7.628 对照组 30 17.56±3.34 16.82±3.42* 10.62±2.27**## 5.73±1.87**▲ 122.23 < 0.01 7.633 t — 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.21 — — — P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 0.838 — — — q检验: 与治疗前比较*P < 0.05;与治疗后24 h比较##P < 0.01;与治疗后7 d比较▲P < 0.05 表 3 2组病人治疗前后NIHSS和Barthel评分比较(x±s;分)
分组 n 治疗前 治疗后24 h 治疗后7 d 治疗后14 d F P MS组内 NIHSS 观察组 28 11.78±4.11 10.34±4.17* 9.32±3.92## 8.13±3.25▲ 4.42 < 0.01 14.768 对照组 30 11.65±4.22 10.16±3.85* 8.94±3.61## 7.45±3.17▲ 6.98 < 0.01 13.663 t — 0.93 0.85 0.69 0.85 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 Barthel指数 观察组 28 28.87±6.56 31.89±4.32* 38.43±3.37## 46.65±5.89▲ 93.22 < 0.01 21.500 对照组 30 28.62±6.89 32.37±4.56* 38.78±2.54## 48.68±6.24▲ 98.70 < 0.01 23.000 t — 0.00 —0.95 0.00 -1.37 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 q检验: 与治疗前比较*P < 0.05;与治疗后24 h比较##P < 0.01;与治疗后7 d比较▲P < 0.05 -
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