-
良好的盆底功能有助于维持女性身心健康、提高生活质量及促进家庭和谐。研究显示,妊娠、分娩均可导致女性盆底不同程度的损伤[1],产后尿失禁发生率为20.7%~39.5%[2-3],盆腔脏器脱垂发生率为9%~43.1%[4-5],产后盆底功能障碍(pelvic floor dysfunction, PFD)发生率高达76.5%[6],可见产妇是PFD的易发、高发人群。积极开展康复治疗对改善产后盆底功能、预防产后PFD具有重要意义。目前,生物反馈电刺激疗法是盆底康复的主要干预措施,但疗程长、费用高,仍有优化改善空间[7-9]。正念训练是一种导向式心理训练方法,有助于增强身心感知能力,在心理调节、疾病治疗中具有重要意义[10-12]。本研究旨在探讨正念训练联合生物反馈电刺激对于产妇盆底功能的影响,为进一步优化产后盆底保健、拓宽治疗方案提供参考依据。现作报道。
-
干预前,2组Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维评分和肌耐力评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后1周、3个月,观察组Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维评分和肌耐力评分均较干预前明显升高(P < 0.01),而对照组与干预前差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);且干预后1周、3个月,观察组Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维评分和肌耐力评分均明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 干预前 干预后1周 干预后3个月 F P MS组内 Ⅰ类肌纤维评分 对照组 42 52.36±18.75 56.24±14.86 56.52±14.22 0.88 >0.05 258.177 观察组 43 51.72±17.65 69.16±13.53** 73.79±11.94** 27.42 < 0.01 212.346 t — 0.16 4.19 6.07 — — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — Ⅱ类肌纤维评分 对照组 42 68.79±18.84 72.76±13.81 73.02±10.92 1.07 >0.05 221.623 观察组 43 69.95±20.52 82.65±12.94** 85.30±8.76** 13.05 < 0.01 221.752 t — 0.27 3.41 5.72 — — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — 肌耐力评分 对照组 42 58.76±16.05 62.64±16.07 61.90±15.90 0.70 >0.05 256.267 观察组 43 58.44±16.33 77.02±10.91** 79.42±8.72** 36.83 < 0.01 153.937 t — 0.09 4.84 6.32 — — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — q检验: 与干预前比较**P < 0.01 表 1 2组干预前后盆底肌功能评分比较(n=30;x±s;分)
-
干预前和干预后1周,2组尿失禁和盆腔脏器脱垂情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后3个月,观察组子宫脱垂、阴道前壁脱垂发生情况均较对照组改善(P < 0.05和P < 0.01),阴道脱垂和尿失禁情况亦均较干预前有所改善(P < 0.05),但与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 子宫脱垂 阴道前壁脱垂 阴道后壁脱垂 尿失禁 无 有 无 Ⅰ度 Ⅱ度 无 Ⅰ度 Ⅱ度 无 有 干预前 观察组 30(69.8) 13(30.2) 2(4.7) 17(39.5) 24(55.8) 21(48.8) 18(41.9) 4(9.3) 21(48.8) 22(51.2) 对照租 28(66.7) 14(33.3) 1(2.4) 17(40.5) 24(57.1) 24(57.1) 14(33.3) 4(9.5) 25(59.5) 17(40.5) χ2 0.09 0.32 0.69 0.98 P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 干预后1周 观察组 32(74.4) 11(25.6) 4(9.3) 16(37.2) 23(53.5) 22(51.2) 17(39.5) 4(9.3) 25(58.1) 18(41.9) 对照组 29(69.0) 13(31.0) 2(4.8) 17(40.5) 23(54.8) 26(61.9) 13(31.0) 3(7.1) 30(71.4) 12(28.6) χ2 0.3 0.68 0.99 1.64 P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 干预后3个月 观察组 39(90.7)*# 4(9.3) 17(39.5)*# 26(60.5) 0(0.0) 35(81.4)*# 8(18.6) 0(0.0) 41(95.3)*# 2(4.7) 对照组 30(71.4) 12(28.6) 2(4.8) 24(57.1) 16(38.1) 25(59.5) 16(38.1) 1(2.4) 34(81.0) 8(19.0) χ2 5.16 27.91 5.32 2.96▲ P < 0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 ▲示矫正χ2值;与干预前比较*P < 0.05,与干预后1周比较#P < 0.05 表 2 2组干预前后盆腔脏器脱垂和尿失禁情况比较[n;百分率(%)]
正念训练联合生物反馈电刺激疗法对产妇盆底生理功能的影响
Effect of the mindfulness training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation therapy on the physiological function of maternal pelvic floor
-
摘要:
目的探讨正念训练联合生物反馈电刺激治疗对改善产后盆底功能的效果。 方法采取便利抽样法选取门诊产妇85例,随机分为对照组42例和观察组43例。对照组采取生物反馈电刺激治疗,观察组采取正念训练联合生物反馈电刺激治疗。分别于干预前和干预后1周、3个月,比较2组盆底表面肌功能评分、尿失禁及盆腔脏器脱垂情况。 结果干预后1周、3个月,观察组Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维评分和肌耐力评分均较干预前明显升高(P < 0.01),且均明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)。干预后3个月,观察组子宫脱垂、阴道前壁脱垂发生率均较对照组改善(P < 0.05和P < 0.01),阴道脱垂和尿失禁情况亦均较干预前有所改善(P < 0.05),但与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论正念训练联合生物反馈电刺激治疗可明显改善产后盆底生理功能、缓解盆底功能障碍症状。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the mindfulness training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation on the improvement of pelvic floor function after delivery. MethodsThe convenience sampling method was used to select 85 parturients in outpatient department, and the cases were randomly divided into the control group(42 cases) and observation group(43 cases).The control group were treated with the biofeedback electrical stimulation, and the observation group were treated with the mindfulness training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation.The pelvic floor surface muscle function score, urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse were compared between two groups before intervention and after 1 week and 3 months of intervention. ResultsAt 1 week and 3 months after intervention, the type Ⅰ and Ⅱ muscle fibers scores and muscular endurance scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those before intervention(P < 0.01), and which were significantly higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).After 3 months of intervention, the incidence rates of uterine prolapse and vaginal anterior wall prolapse in the observation group were improved compared with that in the control group(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).The situation of vaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence in the observation group after 3 months of intervention were also improved compared with that before intervention(P < 0.05), but the difference of which between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). ConclusionsThe mindfulness training combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation can significantly improve the physiological function of the postpartum pelvic floor and relieve the symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. -
表 1 2组干预前后盆底肌功能评分比较(n=30;x±s;分)
分组 n 干预前 干预后1周 干预后3个月 F P MS组内 Ⅰ类肌纤维评分 对照组 42 52.36±18.75 56.24±14.86 56.52±14.22 0.88 >0.05 258.177 观察组 43 51.72±17.65 69.16±13.53** 73.79±11.94** 27.42 < 0.01 212.346 t — 0.16 4.19 6.07 — — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — Ⅱ类肌纤维评分 对照组 42 68.79±18.84 72.76±13.81 73.02±10.92 1.07 >0.05 221.623 观察组 43 69.95±20.52 82.65±12.94** 85.30±8.76** 13.05 < 0.01 221.752 t — 0.27 3.41 5.72 — — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — 肌耐力评分 对照组 42 58.76±16.05 62.64±16.07 61.90±15.90 0.70 >0.05 256.267 观察组 43 58.44±16.33 77.02±10.91** 79.42±8.72** 36.83 < 0.01 153.937 t — 0.09 4.84 6.32 — — — P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — q检验: 与干预前比较**P < 0.01 表 2 2组干预前后盆腔脏器脱垂和尿失禁情况比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 子宫脱垂 阴道前壁脱垂 阴道后壁脱垂 尿失禁 无 有 无 Ⅰ度 Ⅱ度 无 Ⅰ度 Ⅱ度 无 有 干预前 观察组 30(69.8) 13(30.2) 2(4.7) 17(39.5) 24(55.8) 21(48.8) 18(41.9) 4(9.3) 21(48.8) 22(51.2) 对照租 28(66.7) 14(33.3) 1(2.4) 17(40.5) 24(57.1) 24(57.1) 14(33.3) 4(9.5) 25(59.5) 17(40.5) χ2 0.09 0.32 0.69 0.98 P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 干预后1周 观察组 32(74.4) 11(25.6) 4(9.3) 16(37.2) 23(53.5) 22(51.2) 17(39.5) 4(9.3) 25(58.1) 18(41.9) 对照组 29(69.0) 13(31.0) 2(4.8) 17(40.5) 23(54.8) 26(61.9) 13(31.0) 3(7.1) 30(71.4) 12(28.6) χ2 0.3 0.68 0.99 1.64 P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 干预后3个月 观察组 39(90.7)*# 4(9.3) 17(39.5)*# 26(60.5) 0(0.0) 35(81.4)*# 8(18.6) 0(0.0) 41(95.3)*# 2(4.7) 对照组 30(71.4) 12(28.6) 2(4.8) 24(57.1) 16(38.1) 25(59.5) 16(38.1) 1(2.4) 34(81.0) 8(19.0) χ2 5.16 27.91 5.32 2.96▲ P < 0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 ▲示矫正χ2值;与干预前比较*P < 0.05,与干预后1周比较#P < 0.05 -
[1] 马乐, 刘娟, 李环, 等. 产后盆底康复流程第一部分——产后盆底康复意义及基本原则[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2017, 31(4): 314. [2] 程红. 阜阳市912例产后妇女压力性尿失禁的影响因素分析[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报, 2016, 41(8): 1012. doi: 10.13898/j.cnki.issn.1000-2200.2016.08.010 [3] WESNES SL, HANNESTAD Y, RORTVEIT G. Delivery parameters, neonatal parameters and incidence of urinary incontinence six months postpartum: a cohort study[J]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2017, 96(10): 1214. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13183 [4] 蔡静, 张丹, 张燕. 女性产后发生盆腔脏器脱垂的危险因素分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2018, 33(12): 2652. [5] REIMERS C, SIAFARIKAS F, STÆR-JENSEN J, et al. Risk factors for anatomic pelvic organ prolapse at 6 weeks postpartum: a prospective observational study[J]. Int Urogynecol J, 2019, 30(3): 477. doi: 10.1007/s00192-018-3650-2 [6] 朱丽娟, 江华, 朱开欣. 南京市产妇盆底功能障碍性疾病的流行病学研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2020, 35(19): 3544. [7] 李环, 龙腾飞, 李丹彦, 等. 产后盆底康复流程第三部分——产后盆底康复措施及实施方案[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2015, 31(6): 522. [8] 刘水清清, 叶平. 补中益气颗粒联合生物反馈盆底肌训练治疗产后压力性尿失禁的疗效及对尿动力学指标水平影响[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2020, 38(10): 202. [9] 邹春芳, 闵敏, 余立群. 生物反馈联合肌筋膜手法治疗对产后盆腔肌筋膜疼痛的疗效分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2020, 35(19): 3540. [10] FORTUNA LR, FALGAS-BAGUE I, RAMOS Z, et al. Development of a cognitive behavioral therapy with integrated mindfulness for Latinx immigrants with co-occurring disorders: Analysis of intermediary outcomes[J]. Psychol Trauma, 2020, 12(8): 825. [11] FORTUNA LR, PORCHE MV, PADILLA A, et al. A treatment development study of a cognitive and mindfulness-based therapy for adolescents with co-occurring post-traumatic stress and substance use disorder. [J]. Psychol Psychother, 2018, 91(1): 42. [12] LIN HL, LIN FS, LIU LC, et al. The Moderating effect of compassionate mindfulness on the psychological needs and emotions of generation Y in the 21st century in Taiwan[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(9): 5458. [13] KAUFMAN K, GLASS C, ARNKOFF D. Evaluation of MindfulSport Performance Enhancement(MSPE): a new approachto promote flow in athletes[J]. J Clin Sport Psychol, 2009, 4: 334. [14] 王璐璐, 朱怡, 韩婵娜. 盆底方配方颗粒联合生物反馈训练治疗产后盆底功能障碍的临床观察[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2019, 37(1): 183. [15] MADHU C, SWIFT S, DRAKE MJ, et al. How to use the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification(POP-Q) system?[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2018, 37(S6): S39. [16] 杨丹. 女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的研究进展[J]. 中国计划生育和妇产科, 2017, 9(2): 11. [17] LINDSAY EK, CRESWELL JD. Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory(MAT)[J]. Clin Psychol Rev, 2017, 51: 48. [18] GARLAND E, GAYLORD S, PARK J. The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal[J]. Explore(New York, NY), 2009, 5(1): 37. [19] LI Y, YANG N, ZHANG Y, et al. The relationship among trait mindfulness, attention, and working memory in junior school students under different stressful situations[J]. Front Psychol, 2021, 12: 558690. [20] 吴小娟, 李珍. 生物反馈电刺激配合盆底肌锻炼对妇女产后盆底功能康复影响[J]. 社区医学杂志, 2020, 18(10): 748. [21] 刘开宏, 郝洁倩. 生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌训练治疗女性盆底器官脱垂的疗效观察[J]. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2017, 39(9): 302. [22] MOOSSDORFF-STEINHAUSER HF, ALBERS-HEITNER P, WEEMHOFF M, et al. Factors influencing 8postpartum women's willingness to participate in a preventive pelvic floor muscle training program: a webbased survey[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2015, 195: 182. [23] DEERING RE, CRUZ M, SENEFELD JW. Impaired trunk flexor strength, fatigability, and steadiness in postpartum women[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2018, 50(8): 1558. [24] 赵梨媛. 产褥期女性的疲乏现状及其相关因素研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2017.