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2014 Vol. 39, No. 3
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2014, 38(3): 281-283.
Abstract:
Objective:To observe the Results of isolation and culture of retinal stem cell in the neonatal rat and investigate their biological characteristics． Methods:The mechanical enzyme separation in vitro amplification of rat retinal stem cells was done，the capacity of cell proliferation and growth curve of CCK-8 detection were observed;cell differentiation was induced，then the expressions of nestin，bromodeoxyuridine，microtubule-associated protein-2，glial fibrillary acidic protein and thymus glycoprotein-1． 1 in cells were detected by immunocytochemical method． Results:The primary retinal stem cells formed a large number of cells in the ball suspended growth，the passaged cells could also form a ball of cells，and behaved as linear growth，the nestin and bromodeoxyuridine expressions were positive;glial fibrillary acidic protein，microtubule-associated protein-2，thymus glycoprotein-1． 1 were positively expressed in part of cells after induction of differentiation． Conclusions:The neonatal SD rat retinal stem cells can be isolated，cultured，and amplified in vitro，expressed the characteristics of stem cells，it can differentiate into retinal ganglion cells．
Objective:To observe the Results of isolation and culture of retinal stem cell in the neonatal rat and investigate their biological characteristics． Methods:The mechanical enzyme separation in vitro amplification of rat retinal stem cells was done，the capacity of cell proliferation and growth curve of CCK-8 detection were observed;cell differentiation was induced，then the expressions of nestin，bromodeoxyuridine，microtubule-associated protein-2，glial fibrillary acidic protein and thymus glycoprotein-1． 1 in cells were detected by immunocytochemical method． Results:The primary retinal stem cells formed a large number of cells in the ball suspended growth，the passaged cells could also form a ball of cells，and behaved as linear growth，the nestin and bromodeoxyuridine expressions were positive;glial fibrillary acidic protein，microtubule-associated protein-2，thymus glycoprotein-1． 1 were positively expressed in part of cells after induction of differentiation． Conclusions:The neonatal SD rat retinal stem cells can be isolated，cultured，and amplified in vitro，expressed the characteristics of stem cells，it can differentiate into retinal ganglion cells．
2014, 38(3): 284-287.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of dalteparin in inhibiting the human lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation． Methods:The cycle changes of A549 cells after dalteparin treatment were detected by flow cytometry． After the mouse models of lung cancer were established，the 12 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into dalteparin group and control group;they were given 1 500 IU/kg(0． 2 ml) subcutaneously or 0． 9% chloride sodium intraperitoneally(0． 2 ml) once a day for 35 days． The maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the tumor were measured regularly;the tumor volume was calculated and the tumor growth curve was made． Thirty-five days later，the mice were executed after anesthetized with amyl phenobarbital sodium． The tumor was stripped and weighed，the inhibitory rate was calculated and the expression of Cyclin E in tumor tissue was measured using immunohistochemical method． Results:Forty-eight hours after the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was treated，the proportion of cells in G0/G1phase were increased and S phase were decreased in the dalteparin group compared with that of the control group(P 0． 01);the tumor weight in the dalteparin group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group(P 0． 05);the tumor inhibition rate in the dalteparin group was 64． 081%． The positive expression of Cyclin E was 6/6 and 3/6 respectively in the dalteparin group and the control group;the difference was not statistically significant(P = 0． 182)． The dalteparin group mainly showed low expression(5/6)， while the control group showed high expression(5/6);the difference was not statistically significant(P = 0． 081)． Conclusions: Dalteparin can block human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in G0/G1phase，the cell entry into S phase and M phase is reduced，the DNA synthesis is decreased and the cell proliferation is inhibited，which might be related to the expression of inhibiting cell cycle regulator Cyclin E．
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of dalteparin in inhibiting the human lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation． Methods:The cycle changes of A549 cells after dalteparin treatment were detected by flow cytometry． After the mouse models of lung cancer were established，the 12 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into dalteparin group and control group;they were given 1 500 IU/kg(0． 2 ml) subcutaneously or 0． 9% chloride sodium intraperitoneally(0． 2 ml) once a day for 35 days． The maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the tumor were measured regularly;the tumor volume was calculated and the tumor growth curve was made． Thirty-five days later，the mice were executed after anesthetized with amyl phenobarbital sodium． The tumor was stripped and weighed，the inhibitory rate was calculated and the expression of Cyclin E in tumor tissue was measured using immunohistochemical method． Results:Forty-eight hours after the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was treated，the proportion of cells in G0/G1phase were increased and S phase were decreased in the dalteparin group compared with that of the control group(P 0． 01);the tumor weight in the dalteparin group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group(P 0． 05);the tumor inhibition rate in the dalteparin group was 64． 081%． The positive expression of Cyclin E was 6/6 and 3/6 respectively in the dalteparin group and the control group;the difference was not statistically significant(P = 0． 182)． The dalteparin group mainly showed low expression(5/6)， while the control group showed high expression(5/6);the difference was not statistically significant(P = 0． 081)． Conclusions: Dalteparin can block human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in G0/G1phase，the cell entry into S phase and M phase is reduced，the DNA synthesis is decreased and the cell proliferation is inhibited，which might be related to the expression of inhibiting cell cycle regulator Cyclin E．
2014, 38(3): 288-290,294.
Abstract:
Objective:To establish the eukaryotic expression vector of recombinant PPE68 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene plasmid and lay the foundation for the later analysis of immunogenicity of PPE recombinant protein． Methods:The total DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was extracted and PPE68 gene was amplified by PCR． The DNA fragment was inserted into pGEM-T，then the target gene was subcloned into pcDNA3． 1( + ) after the DNA fragment was cut from pGEM-T． New recombinant plasmid was transfected into hela cells，then expression product was confirmed by Western blot． Results:The size of the PCR product was 1 104 bp， the inserts of pGEM-T-PPE68 and pcDNA3． 1( + )-PPE68 digested by HindIII and EcoRI were as long as PCR product． The product that recombinant DNA be expressed in HeLa cells was about 40 000． Conclusions:The Results demonstate eukaryotic expression vector carring PPE68 gene has been set up and the expression products has been obtained and appraised．
Objective:To establish the eukaryotic expression vector of recombinant PPE68 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene plasmid and lay the foundation for the later analysis of immunogenicity of PPE recombinant protein． Methods:The total DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was extracted and PPE68 gene was amplified by PCR． The DNA fragment was inserted into pGEM-T，then the target gene was subcloned into pcDNA3． 1( + ) after the DNA fragment was cut from pGEM-T． New recombinant plasmid was transfected into hela cells，then expression product was confirmed by Western blot． Results:The size of the PCR product was 1 104 bp， the inserts of pGEM-T-PPE68 and pcDNA3． 1( + )-PPE68 digested by HindIII and EcoRI were as long as PCR product． The product that recombinant DNA be expressed in HeLa cells was about 40 000． Conclusions:The Results demonstate eukaryotic expression vector carring PPE68 gene has been set up and the expression products has been obtained and appraised．
2014, 38(3): 291-294.
Abstract:
Objective: To detect the expressions of phosphatase and tension protein homologous gene ( PTEN) in human with chromosome 10 deletion and phosphorylated AKT(P-AKT) in gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissue，and explore their roles in the development of gastric carcinoma． Methods:The mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN and P-AKT in 68 gastric carcinoma and adjacent gastric tissue specimens were detected using immunohistochemistry EliVision and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)，respectively． Results:The PTEN and P-AKT protein levels in gastric carcinoma tissue specimen were significantly lower and higher than those in the adjacent tissue，respectively(P 0． 01)，which was negative correlation(P 0． 05)． No correlation between the expression of PTEN protein in gastric carcinoma and patients age and sexuality was found(P ＞0． 05)，but the its expression was related to the differentiation degree，size，clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of tumor(P 0． 01)． No correlation between the expression of P-AKT protein in gastric carcinoma and patients age and sexuality and tumor size was found(P0． 05)，but the its expression was related to the differentiation degree，clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of tumor(P 0． 05)． The PTEN mRNA level in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:The mRNA expression of PTEN gene in gastric carcinoma is lower，its protein expression in adjacent tissueis higher than that in gastric carcinoma． The expression of P- AKT protein in gastric carcinoma is higher than that in adjacent tissue． There is negatively correlated between the protein expressions of PTEN and P-AKT in gastric carcinoma．
Objective: To detect the expressions of phosphatase and tension protein homologous gene ( PTEN) in human with chromosome 10 deletion and phosphorylated AKT(P-AKT) in gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissue，and explore their roles in the development of gastric carcinoma． Methods:The mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN and P-AKT in 68 gastric carcinoma and adjacent gastric tissue specimens were detected using immunohistochemistry EliVision and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)，respectively． Results:The PTEN and P-AKT protein levels in gastric carcinoma tissue specimen were significantly lower and higher than those in the adjacent tissue，respectively(P 0． 01)，which was negative correlation(P 0． 05)． No correlation between the expression of PTEN protein in gastric carcinoma and patients age and sexuality was found(P ＞0． 05)，but the its expression was related to the differentiation degree，size，clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of tumor(P 0． 01)． No correlation between the expression of P-AKT protein in gastric carcinoma and patients age and sexuality and tumor size was found(P0． 05)，but the its expression was related to the differentiation degree，clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of tumor(P 0． 05)． The PTEN mRNA level in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:The mRNA expression of PTEN gene in gastric carcinoma is lower，its protein expression in adjacent tissueis higher than that in gastric carcinoma． The expression of P- AKT protein in gastric carcinoma is higher than that in adjacent tissue． There is negatively correlated between the protein expressions of PTEN and P-AKT in gastric carcinoma．
2014, 38(3): 295-296.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the plasma levels of interferon-gamma( IFN- ) and interleukin-17(IL-17) of the acute stage in patients infected with Plasmodium vivax． Methods:The plasma levels of IFN- and IL-17 in 19 patients infected withPlasmodium vivax (Plasmodium vivaxgroup) in acute stage and 20 healthy people(control group) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay． Results:The plasma levels of IFN- and IL-17 in Plasmodium vivax group(18． 86 6． 77)pg/ml and(41． 46 21． 03) pg/ml were significantly higher than those in control group(9． 99 8． 78)pg/ml and(25． 23 11． 83)pg/ml(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:The plasma levels of IFN- and IL-17 of patients infected with Plasmodium vivax were increased．
Objective:To investigate the plasma levels of interferon-gamma( IFN- ) and interleukin-17(IL-17) of the acute stage in patients infected with Plasmodium vivax． Methods:The plasma levels of IFN- and IL-17 in 19 patients infected withPlasmodium vivax (Plasmodium vivaxgroup) in acute stage and 20 healthy people(control group) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay． Results:The plasma levels of IFN- and IL-17 in Plasmodium vivax group(18． 86 6． 77)pg/ml and(41． 46 21． 03) pg/ml were significantly higher than those in control group(9． 99 8． 78)pg/ml and(25． 23 11． 83)pg/ml(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:The plasma levels of IFN- and IL-17 of patients infected with Plasmodium vivax were increased．
2014, 38(3): 297-301.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the feasibility of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) in tissue engineering bone repair of tubular bone defects． Methods:The rabbit ADSCs were isolated and cultured from scapular fat of New Zealand white rabbits． Passage 3 rADSCs were seeded onto demineralized bone matrix(DBM) and osteoinductively cultured，LG-DMEM was set as control group． Bilateral critical-sized bone defects(15 mm) of ulna were created． One side of the defect was repaired with rADSCs-DBM(experimental group)，another side of the defect was repaired with only DBM(control group)． The osteogenesis was observed by three-dimensional CT and histological examination at 12 weeks after treatment． Results:At 12 weeks after implantation，three-dimensional CT scan showed that new bones formed in experimental group，while no bone tissue formation in control group． Histological examination revealed that the defect was replaced by typical bone tissue in experimental side，while only minimal bone formation and fibrous connection was observed in control group． Conclusions:rADSCs can well adhere and grow in the surface of DBM． Rabbit ADSCs combined with decalcified bone material can successfully repair the critical-sized tubular bone defects．
Objective:To investigate the feasibility of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) in tissue engineering bone repair of tubular bone defects． Methods:The rabbit ADSCs were isolated and cultured from scapular fat of New Zealand white rabbits． Passage 3 rADSCs were seeded onto demineralized bone matrix(DBM) and osteoinductively cultured，LG-DMEM was set as control group． Bilateral critical-sized bone defects(15 mm) of ulna were created． One side of the defect was repaired with rADSCs-DBM(experimental group)，another side of the defect was repaired with only DBM(control group)． The osteogenesis was observed by three-dimensional CT and histological examination at 12 weeks after treatment． Results:At 12 weeks after implantation，three-dimensional CT scan showed that new bones formed in experimental group，while no bone tissue formation in control group． Histological examination revealed that the defect was replaced by typical bone tissue in experimental side，while only minimal bone formation and fibrous connection was observed in control group． Conclusions:rADSCs can well adhere and grow in the surface of DBM． Rabbit ADSCs combined with decalcified bone material can successfully repair the critical-sized tubular bone defects．
2014, 38(3): 302-303,306.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the effects of Tousanshen acupuncture in the treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD) on plasma Tau protein． Methods: Fourty patients with AD were divided into observation group and control group (20 cases each group)． The observation group and control group were treated with acupuncture and donepezil by oral，respectively． The mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and plasma Tau protein in two groups were measured before and after treatment． Results:Compared with before treatment，the MMSE of two groups was increased significantly after treatment(P 0． 01)，the MMSE of observation group were significantly higher than that in control group after treatment(P 0． 01)． Compared with before treatment，the plasma Tau protein of two groups was decreased after treatment(P 0． 05)，the differences of plasma Tau protein between the two groups had no statistical significance(P0． 05)． Conclusions:The effects of Tousanshen acupuncture for treating AD are good，the plasma Tau protein decreasing may be the mechanism of acupuncture for treating AD．
Objective:To explore the effects of Tousanshen acupuncture in the treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD) on plasma Tau protein． Methods: Fourty patients with AD were divided into observation group and control group (20 cases each group)． The observation group and control group were treated with acupuncture and donepezil by oral，respectively． The mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and plasma Tau protein in two groups were measured before and after treatment． Results:Compared with before treatment，the MMSE of two groups was increased significantly after treatment(P 0． 01)，the MMSE of observation group were significantly higher than that in control group after treatment(P 0． 01)． Compared with before treatment，the plasma Tau protein of two groups was decreased after treatment(P 0． 05)，the differences of plasma Tau protein between the two groups had no statistical significance(P0． 05)． Conclusions:The effects of Tousanshen acupuncture for treating AD are good，the plasma Tau protein decreasing may be the mechanism of acupuncture for treating AD．
2014, 38(3): 304-306.
Abstract:
Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of decollement and suction in the treatment of bromhidrosis． Methods:Fifty- eight cases with bromhidrosis were treated with decollement(decollement group) and 36 cases were treated with suction(suction group)． The clinical effects and complications in two groups were retrospectively analyzed． Results:The cure and effective rate of decollement and suction group were 91． 4% ＆ 83． 3% and 100% ＆ 100%，respectively，the differences of which had no statistical significance(P0． 05)． The incidence of postoperative complications in decollement group(6． 9%) was lower than that in suction group(43． 1%) (P 0． 05)． Conclusions:The effects of decollement and suction in the treatment of bromhidrosis are good． The decollement can reduce the postoperative complications，the effect of double incision decollement in the treatment of osmidrosis is better than that in negative pressure suction．
Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of decollement and suction in the treatment of bromhidrosis． Methods:Fifty- eight cases with bromhidrosis were treated with decollement(decollement group) and 36 cases were treated with suction(suction group)． The clinical effects and complications in two groups were retrospectively analyzed． Results:The cure and effective rate of decollement and suction group were 91． 4% ＆ 83． 3% and 100% ＆ 100%，respectively，the differences of which had no statistical significance(P0． 05)． The incidence of postoperative complications in decollement group(6． 9%) was lower than that in suction group(43． 1%) (P 0． 05)． Conclusions:The effects of decollement and suction in the treatment of bromhidrosis are good． The decollement can reduce the postoperative complications，the effect of double incision decollement in the treatment of osmidrosis is better than that in negative pressure suction．
2014, 38(3): 307-309.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the correlation of the levels of plasma homocysteine(Hcy) and ischemic stroke，and the significance of vitamin B12 combined with folie acid in the treatment of ischemic stroke． Methods:The levels of plasma Hcy of 62 patients with ischemic stroke(stroke group) and 30 elderly patients with digestive system disease and without cerebrovascular disease (control group) were detected． Sixty-two patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into the treatment group and convention group，the convention group and treatment group were treated with conventional method and conventional method combined with vitamin B12 and folie acid，respectively． The levels of plasma Hcy of patients with ischemic stroke were detected after treatment again． Results: The levels of plasma Hcy in stroke group were significantly higher than that in control group(P 0． 01)． The levels of plasma Hcy in treatment group treated with vitamin B12 and folie acid were obviously decreased(P 0． 01)，the treatment effect of which was obviously better than that of control group(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between the plasma Hcy level and ischemic stroke． The treatment with vitamin B12 combined with folie acid can decrease the plasma Hcy level，which plays certain role on preventing and treating ischemic stroke．
Objective:To investigate the correlation of the levels of plasma homocysteine(Hcy) and ischemic stroke，and the significance of vitamin B12 combined with folie acid in the treatment of ischemic stroke． Methods:The levels of plasma Hcy of 62 patients with ischemic stroke(stroke group) and 30 elderly patients with digestive system disease and without cerebrovascular disease (control group) were detected． Sixty-two patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into the treatment group and convention group，the convention group and treatment group were treated with conventional method and conventional method combined with vitamin B12 and folie acid，respectively． The levels of plasma Hcy of patients with ischemic stroke were detected after treatment again． Results: The levels of plasma Hcy in stroke group were significantly higher than that in control group(P 0． 01)． The levels of plasma Hcy in treatment group treated with vitamin B12 and folie acid were obviously decreased(P 0． 01)，the treatment effect of which was obviously better than that of control group(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between the plasma Hcy level and ischemic stroke． The treatment with vitamin B12 combined with folie acid can decrease the plasma Hcy level，which plays certain role on preventing and treating ischemic stroke．
2014, 38(3): 309-311.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the expression of Dicer in gastric cancer tissue and its clinical significance． Methods: The expressions of Dicer in 40 gastric cancer specimens and 40 normal gastric specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry，the clinical data were statistically analyzed． Results:The positive rate of the Dicer expression in gastric cancer tissue(47． 5%) was lower than that in adjacent normal tissue(85． 0%)(P 0． 01)． The positive rates of the Dicer expression in high and moderate differentiated gastric cancer tissue and patients with lymph node metastasis and early clinical stage were higher than that in low and undifferentiated gastric cancer tissue and patients with no lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage(P 0． 05 to P 0． 01)． The expression differences of Dicer in gender，age and cancer primary site had no statistical significance(P0． 05)． Conclusions:The expression of Dicer in gastric cancer tissue obviously reduces，which is correlated with the differentiation degree lymph node metastasis of clinical stage，gastric cancer．
Objective: To explore the expression of Dicer in gastric cancer tissue and its clinical significance． Methods: The expressions of Dicer in 40 gastric cancer specimens and 40 normal gastric specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry，the clinical data were statistically analyzed． Results:The positive rate of the Dicer expression in gastric cancer tissue(47． 5%) was lower than that in adjacent normal tissue(85． 0%)(P 0． 01)． The positive rates of the Dicer expression in high and moderate differentiated gastric cancer tissue and patients with lymph node metastasis and early clinical stage were higher than that in low and undifferentiated gastric cancer tissue and patients with no lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage(P 0． 05 to P 0． 01)． The expression differences of Dicer in gender，age and cancer primary site had no statistical significance(P0． 05)． Conclusions:The expression of Dicer in gastric cancer tissue obviously reduces，which is correlated with the differentiation degree lymph node metastasis of clinical stage，gastric cancer．
2014, 38(3): 312-314.
Abstract:
Objective:To study the causes and curative strategy of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma(SSEH) after spine surgery． Methods:Seven patients suffering from SSEH after spine surgery were included in the study，and 30 patients with no SSEH after spine surgery by the same surgeon in the same period acted as control． Both groups were administrated low-molecular-weight-heparin after operation． Seven cases developed SSEH after the surgery and three of them were administered dextran-40 combined with low-molecular- weight-heparin;5 cases developed SSEH before the drainage tubes were removed． The age of the patients，number of the operated segments and blood loss during the operation were compared between the two groups． The nervous function score and the recovery rate were compared between the two groups to find out the association of the recovery outcome with the duration of hematoma and the nervous function before the hematoma was cleared． Results:The patients' age and number of the operated segments were not statistically different between the two groups(P ＞0． 05)，and there was more blood loss in the case group(P 0． 01)． The duration of symptom and the American Spinal Injury Association SIA sensory score before hematoma evacuation were not statistically different between the patients with complete recovery of the neurological function and those with incomplete recovery(P0． 05);but the American Spinal Injury Association motor score of patients with complete recovery was higher than that of patients with incomplete recovery(P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Improper use of anticoagulant，blood loss during operation and inadequate drainage are the risk factors for SSEH after spine surgery． Once SSEH occurs，hematoma evacuation should be immediately conducted to decompress the nerves．
Objective:To study the causes and curative strategy of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma(SSEH) after spine surgery． Methods:Seven patients suffering from SSEH after spine surgery were included in the study，and 30 patients with no SSEH after spine surgery by the same surgeon in the same period acted as control． Both groups were administrated low-molecular-weight-heparin after operation． Seven cases developed SSEH after the surgery and three of them were administered dextran-40 combined with low-molecular- weight-heparin;5 cases developed SSEH before the drainage tubes were removed． The age of the patients，number of the operated segments and blood loss during the operation were compared between the two groups． The nervous function score and the recovery rate were compared between the two groups to find out the association of the recovery outcome with the duration of hematoma and the nervous function before the hematoma was cleared． Results:The patients' age and number of the operated segments were not statistically different between the two groups(P ＞0． 05)，and there was more blood loss in the case group(P 0． 01)． The duration of symptom and the American Spinal Injury Association SIA sensory score before hematoma evacuation were not statistically different between the patients with complete recovery of the neurological function and those with incomplete recovery(P0． 05);but the American Spinal Injury Association motor score of patients with complete recovery was higher than that of patients with incomplete recovery(P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Improper use of anticoagulant，blood loss during operation and inadequate drainage are the risk factors for SSEH after spine surgery． Once SSEH occurs，hematoma evacuation should be immediately conducted to decompress the nerves．
2014, 38(3): 315-317.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of postsurgical gastroplegia syndrome(PGS) of esophageal cancer． Methods:The clinical data of PGS in 23 cases with esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed． Results:The mean disease time of gastroplegia syndrome was 7 to 9 months after operation，the main symptoms were epigastric pain，nausea and vomiting． All patients were diagnosed with PGS by upper gastrointestinal contrast，ultrasound and electronic gastroscope Twenty-three patients were treated with gastrointestinal decompression，nutritional support，maintaining water electrolyte metabolism balance，promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and reducing stomach wall edema． The stomach function recovery of 18 cases，3 cases and 1 case were within 3 weeks，4 weeks and 8 weeks，respectively． One case cured by stomach-jejunum anastomosis when it was not improved by conservative treatment for 3 months． Conclusions:The main diagnosis basis of PGS are its symptoms and the resuts of upper gastrointestinal contrast， ultrasound and electronic gastroscope． The effects of nonoperative treatment on gastroplegia syndrome are good．
Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of postsurgical gastroplegia syndrome(PGS) of esophageal cancer． Methods:The clinical data of PGS in 23 cases with esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed． Results:The mean disease time of gastroplegia syndrome was 7 to 9 months after operation，the main symptoms were epigastric pain，nausea and vomiting． All patients were diagnosed with PGS by upper gastrointestinal contrast，ultrasound and electronic gastroscope Twenty-three patients were treated with gastrointestinal decompression，nutritional support，maintaining water electrolyte metabolism balance，promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and reducing stomach wall edema． The stomach function recovery of 18 cases，3 cases and 1 case were within 3 weeks，4 weeks and 8 weeks，respectively． One case cured by stomach-jejunum anastomosis when it was not improved by conservative treatment for 3 months． Conclusions:The main diagnosis basis of PGS are its symptoms and the resuts of upper gastrointestinal contrast， ultrasound and electronic gastroscope． The effects of nonoperative treatment on gastroplegia syndrome are good．
2014, 38(3): 318-319,323.
Abstract:
Objective:To observe the clinical effect of epalrestat combined with alprostadil on diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)． Methods:Seventy-six patients with DPN were randomly divided into two groups． The treatment group(39 cases) were administered intravenous infusion of alprostadil(10 g/d) and oral epalrestat(50 mg/time，3 times/d)，while the control group(37 cases) were treated with intravenous infusion of alprostadil(10 g/d) and oral vitamin B1(10 mg/time，3 times/d)． The patients' symptoms，signs and changes of electromyography were compared before and after treatment． Results:The treatment group were superior to the control group in clinical efficacy and improvement of the nerve conduction velocity(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:Epalrestat combined with alprostadil is safe and effective in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy，and the curative effect is better than the therapy of vitamin B1combined with alprostadil．
Objective:To observe the clinical effect of epalrestat combined with alprostadil on diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)． Methods:Seventy-six patients with DPN were randomly divided into two groups． The treatment group(39 cases) were administered intravenous infusion of alprostadil(10 g/d) and oral epalrestat(50 mg/time，3 times/d)，while the control group(37 cases) were treated with intravenous infusion of alprostadil(10 g/d) and oral vitamin B1(10 mg/time，3 times/d)． The patients' symptoms，signs and changes of electromyography were compared before and after treatment． Results:The treatment group were superior to the control group in clinical efficacy and improvement of the nerve conduction velocity(P 0． 01)． Conclusions:Epalrestat combined with alprostadil is safe and effective in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy，and the curative effect is better than the therapy of vitamin B1combined with alprostadil．
2014, 38(3): 320-323.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the impact of lupus flares on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)，and to determine the proper pregnancy time and curative therapy for them． Methods:Eighty-six pregnancies of 80 pregnant women with SLE were divided into the active group and stable group according to the disease activity index，the positive antiphospholipid antibody(APL) group and negative antiphospholipid antibody group according to the findings of APL，the lupus nephritis(LN) group and non-LN group according to the kidney damage in the process of pregnancy，the glucocorticoid(GCs) group and GCs group according to whether immunosuppressant was employed in the process of treatment，and the hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) group and non-HCQ group． The detailed clinical data and laboratory data of the SLE patients were recorded． Results:Three patients died due to pregnancy，with a mortality rate of 3． 75%． None of the death cases had received regular treatment and their diseases were all in high activity． Twenty-six fetuses died and 60 survived;the fetal mortality rate was 30． 2% and the survival rate 69． 8%． Poor pregnancy occurred in 66． 3% of the patients，with no fetal malformation． There were significant differences between the stable group and the active group in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(58． 8% vs 94． 4%，P 0． 01)． There were significant differences between the group with positive APL and the group with negative APL in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(61． 1% vs 92． 9%，P 0． 05)． There were no significant differences between the LN group and the non-LN group in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(62． 8% vs 8/8，P ＞0． 05)． There were significant differences between the group treated with GCs and immunosuppressive agents and the group only treated with GCs in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(38． 5% vs 95． 0%，P 0． 01)． There were no significant differences between the group treated with HCQ and the group without in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(58． 3% vs 68． 1%，P ＞0． 05)． Conclusions: The time of pregnancy，treatment before and during pregnancy，and positive APL might all influence the prognosis of the fetus of the women with SLE． Close monitoring may obtain relatively satisfactory fetal outcomes．
Objective:To explore the impact of lupus flares on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)，and to determine the proper pregnancy time and curative therapy for them． Methods:Eighty-six pregnancies of 80 pregnant women with SLE were divided into the active group and stable group according to the disease activity index，the positive antiphospholipid antibody(APL) group and negative antiphospholipid antibody group according to the findings of APL，the lupus nephritis(LN) group and non-LN group according to the kidney damage in the process of pregnancy，the glucocorticoid(GCs) group and GCs group according to whether immunosuppressant was employed in the process of treatment，and the hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) group and non-HCQ group． The detailed clinical data and laboratory data of the SLE patients were recorded． Results:Three patients died due to pregnancy，with a mortality rate of 3． 75%． None of the death cases had received regular treatment and their diseases were all in high activity． Twenty-six fetuses died and 60 survived;the fetal mortality rate was 30． 2% and the survival rate 69． 8%． Poor pregnancy occurred in 66． 3% of the patients，with no fetal malformation． There were significant differences between the stable group and the active group in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(58． 8% vs 94． 4%，P 0． 01)． There were significant differences between the group with positive APL and the group with negative APL in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(61． 1% vs 92． 9%，P 0． 05)． There were no significant differences between the LN group and the non-LN group in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(62． 8% vs 8/8，P ＞0． 05)． There were significant differences between the group treated with GCs and immunosuppressive agents and the group only treated with GCs in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(38． 5% vs 95． 0%，P 0． 01)． There were no significant differences between the group treated with HCQ and the group without in the rate of adverse pregnant outcomes(58． 3% vs 68． 1%，P ＞0． 05)． Conclusions: The time of pregnancy，treatment before and during pregnancy，and positive APL might all influence the prognosis of the fetus of the women with SLE． Close monitoring may obtain relatively satisfactory fetal outcomes．
2014, 38(3): 324-325,328.
Abstract:
Objective:To observe the change of serum Cystatin C(Cys C) level in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)，and investigate the significance between Cys C level and cardiac function． Methods:The subjects were divided into CHF group(n =80) and normal control group(n =30)． Severity of CHF was according to New York Heat Association(NYHA) heart functional classes． Serum Cyst C level was measured by ELISA assay． The left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end diastolic diameter were detected by ultrasonic cardiogram． The mortality and re-hospitalization for chronic heart failure were recorded during hospitalization and discharge from hospital within 6 months． Results:The level of serum Cys C in CHF group was higher than that in control group(P 0． 01)，it was increased with the higher class of NYHA heart functional classification(P 0． 01)． Serum Cys C level had negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction，but positively correlated with left ventricular end diastolic diameter(P 0． 05)． There was no statistical difference of the mortality between higher CysC level group and lower Cys C level group(P ＞0． 05)． During following-up for 6 months， the re-hospitalization for chronic heart failure and fatality were higher in patients with higher Cys C level than in those with lower Cys C level(P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Serum Cys C level is a potential biomarker for diagnosis of chronic heart failure，and it can reflect the recent prognosis of chronic heart failure．
Objective:To observe the change of serum Cystatin C(Cys C) level in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)，and investigate the significance between Cys C level and cardiac function． Methods:The subjects were divided into CHF group(n =80) and normal control group(n =30)． Severity of CHF was according to New York Heat Association(NYHA) heart functional classes． Serum Cyst C level was measured by ELISA assay． The left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end diastolic diameter were detected by ultrasonic cardiogram． The mortality and re-hospitalization for chronic heart failure were recorded during hospitalization and discharge from hospital within 6 months． Results:The level of serum Cys C in CHF group was higher than that in control group(P 0． 01)，it was increased with the higher class of NYHA heart functional classification(P 0． 01)． Serum Cys C level had negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction，but positively correlated with left ventricular end diastolic diameter(P 0． 05)． There was no statistical difference of the mortality between higher CysC level group and lower Cys C level group(P ＞0． 05)． During following-up for 6 months， the re-hospitalization for chronic heart failure and fatality were higher in patients with higher Cys C level than in those with lower Cys C level(P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Serum Cys C level is a potential biomarker for diagnosis of chronic heart failure，and it can reflect the recent prognosis of chronic heart failure．
2014, 38(3): 326-328.
Abstract:
Objective:To compare the anesthesia induction with fentanyl and remifentanil on agitation during anesthesia recovery period in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients． Methods:ASAⅠ or Ⅱ laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients were randomly divided into remifentanil group(R group) and fentanyl group(F group)，to observe restlessness score． Inducing drugs:R group remifentanil 1 g/kg，midazolam 3 mg，propofol 2 mg/kg，rocuronium 0． 6 mg/kg;F group were fentanyl 3． 0 g/kg replace remifentanil，others medication with agree R group accord． To maintain anaesthesia by micro pump constant velocity input remifentanil 0． 2 gkg－1 min－1propfol 2 mgkg－1h－1and inhaling 1% － 2% sevoflurane． Compare agitation score in two groups before extubation， extubation，10 min after extubation． Results:Restlessness score in R group were higher than those in F group before extubation， extubation，10 min after extubation(P 0． 01)． Differences of two groups of patients with spontaneous breathing recover time，awake time were not significant(P ＞0． 05)． Conclusions:Anesthesia induction with fentanyl can effectively reduce agitation during anesthesia recovery period in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients．
Objective:To compare the anesthesia induction with fentanyl and remifentanil on agitation during anesthesia recovery period in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients． Methods:ASAⅠ or Ⅱ laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients were randomly divided into remifentanil group(R group) and fentanyl group(F group)，to observe restlessness score． Inducing drugs:R group remifentanil 1 g/kg，midazolam 3 mg，propofol 2 mg/kg，rocuronium 0． 6 mg/kg;F group were fentanyl 3． 0 g/kg replace remifentanil，others medication with agree R group accord． To maintain anaesthesia by micro pump constant velocity input remifentanil 0． 2 gkg－1 min－1propfol 2 mgkg－1h－1and inhaling 1% － 2% sevoflurane． Compare agitation score in two groups before extubation， extubation，10 min after extubation． Results:Restlessness score in R group were higher than those in F group before extubation， extubation，10 min after extubation(P 0． 01)． Differences of two groups of patients with spontaneous breathing recover time，awake time were not significant(P ＞0． 05)． Conclusions:Anesthesia induction with fentanyl can effectively reduce agitation during anesthesia recovery period in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients．
2014, 38(3): 329-331.
Abstract:
Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosis． Methods:Thirty cases(sides) with varicose veins in lower extremities were treated with high ligation of great saphenous vein and 1% polidocanol foam hardeners injecting into varicose vein of shank． The symptoms of great saphenous vein varicosis were observed． Results:All cases were successfully treated． The 20 ml of foam hardeners was used in each limb，no severe complications was found． The local lumps of varicose veins in 5 cases were found，no blood flow sign were detected by ultrasound，and the inflammatory response around varicose veins in 3 cases were found． The stem occlusion in 24 affected sides were confirmed by vascular ultrasound re-detecting in 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment． The average follow-up period was 3 months，the clinical symptoms in 24 cases were significant alleviated，varicose veins in lower extremities were disappeared，and the ulcer in two sides were cured in two months after operation． Conclusions:The effects of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosis is good． The treatment combined with high ligation of great saphenous vein can increase the safety，which is a new means for treating great saphenous vein varicosis．
Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosis． Methods:Thirty cases(sides) with varicose veins in lower extremities were treated with high ligation of great saphenous vein and 1% polidocanol foam hardeners injecting into varicose vein of shank． The symptoms of great saphenous vein varicosis were observed． Results:All cases were successfully treated． The 20 ml of foam hardeners was used in each limb，no severe complications was found． The local lumps of varicose veins in 5 cases were found，no blood flow sign were detected by ultrasound，and the inflammatory response around varicose veins in 3 cases were found． The stem occlusion in 24 affected sides were confirmed by vascular ultrasound re-detecting in 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment． The average follow-up period was 3 months，the clinical symptoms in 24 cases were significant alleviated，varicose veins in lower extremities were disappeared，and the ulcer in two sides were cured in two months after operation． Conclusions:The effects of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosis is good． The treatment combined with high ligation of great saphenous vein can increase the safety，which is a new means for treating great saphenous vein varicosis．
2014, 38(3): 331-333.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the risk factors of pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy(PD) so as to provide the theoretical basis for preventing pancreatic fistula． Methods:Seventy-two patients were treated with standard PD surgical method，all reconstruction orders followed the Child act． The postoperative complications and age，gender，preoperative albumin level，preoperative bilirubin level，intraoperative blood transfusion，operative time，residual pancreatic texture，pancreatic duct diameter and preoperative diabetes of patients with pancreatic fistula were observed． The data were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis． Results:Postoperative complications occurred in 30 cases，the total occurrence rate of which was 41． 7%． The rate of mortality and occurrence rate of pancreatic fistula were 4． 2% and 11． 1%，respectively． Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the pliable texture residual pancreas and pancreatic duct diameter with less than 3 mm were the independent risk factors of pancreatic fistula(P 0． 01 and P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Small pancreatic duct diameter and pliable pancreatic texture predict the high occurrence of pancreatic fistula after PD．
Objective:To explore the risk factors of pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy(PD) so as to provide the theoretical basis for preventing pancreatic fistula． Methods:Seventy-two patients were treated with standard PD surgical method，all reconstruction orders followed the Child act． The postoperative complications and age，gender，preoperative albumin level，preoperative bilirubin level，intraoperative blood transfusion，operative time，residual pancreatic texture，pancreatic duct diameter and preoperative diabetes of patients with pancreatic fistula were observed． The data were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis． Results:Postoperative complications occurred in 30 cases，the total occurrence rate of which was 41． 7%． The rate of mortality and occurrence rate of pancreatic fistula were 4． 2% and 11． 1%，respectively． Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the pliable texture residual pancreas and pancreatic duct diameter with less than 3 mm were the independent risk factors of pancreatic fistula(P 0． 01 and P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Small pancreatic duct diameter and pliable pancreatic texture predict the high occurrence of pancreatic fistula after PD．
2014, 38(3): 334-335,338.
Abstract:
Objective:To evaluate the anticoagulation effect of sodium citrate in continuous hemoperfusion． Methods:Thirty-five patients with severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning were treated by continuous hemoperfusion using low-molecular-weight heparins or sodium citrate for anticoagulation． The changes of transmembrane pressure during the treatment were compared between the 2 groups;meanwhile，the platelet，APTT，HCO－ 3，iCa2 +，Na+ after treatment and the incidence of bleeding with in 24 hours were also compared． Results:Compared with the sodium citrate group，the transmembrane pressures of the low-molecular-weight heparins group at 2 h and 4 h after treatment were increased significantly(P 0． 01);after treatment，the APTT were extended significantly(P 0． 01)， but the platelet，HCO－ 3，iCa2+and Na+had no obviously changes(P ＞0． 05)． Conclusions:It is feasible and safe to use sodium citrate for anticoagulation in the continuous hemoperfusion．
Objective:To evaluate the anticoagulation effect of sodium citrate in continuous hemoperfusion． Methods:Thirty-five patients with severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning were treated by continuous hemoperfusion using low-molecular-weight heparins or sodium citrate for anticoagulation． The changes of transmembrane pressure during the treatment were compared between the 2 groups;meanwhile，the platelet，APTT，HCO－ 3，iCa2 +，Na+ after treatment and the incidence of bleeding with in 24 hours were also compared． Results:Compared with the sodium citrate group，the transmembrane pressures of the low-molecular-weight heparins group at 2 h and 4 h after treatment were increased significantly(P 0． 01);after treatment，the APTT were extended significantly(P 0． 01)， but the platelet，HCO－ 3，iCa2+and Na+had no obviously changes(P ＞0． 05)． Conclusions:It is feasible and safe to use sodium citrate for anticoagulation in the continuous hemoperfusion．
2014, 38(3): 336-338.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the clinical features and treatment experience of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in children． Methods:The clinical data of 155 children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease were retrospectively analyzed． All patients were treated with intravenous gamma globulin，methylprednisolone based on anti-infection and symptomatic treatment，and reducing intracranial pressure，improving circulation and myocardium and supporting respiratory according to patient' s condition． Results: Amony 155 patients，the severe hand-foot-mouth disease tended to occur in children less than 3 years old(91． 6%)，1 to 2 years old children accounted for 60． 6%． The ratio of boy to girl was 1． 5 to 1，the rural children were 121 cases(72． 2%)． The skittishness and rash in all patients were found． The fever in 147 cases，lethargy and poor spirit in 110 cases，limb jitter in 32 cases，nausea and vomiting in 14 cases，cold sweat in 3 cases，WBC rising in 75 cases，creatine kinase isoenzyme rising in 68 cases，blood sugar rising in 45 cases，C reactive protein rising in 37 cases，high blood pressure rising 33 cases and heart rate increasing in 16 cases were found． The abnormal cerebrospinal fluid in 148 cases was found by examination． One hundred and fifty-three patients including 1 case with acute flaccid paralysis were cured，2 cases died． Conclusions:The severe hand-foot-mouth disease often occurs in children less than 3 years old，the blood pressure，blood sugar，heart rate of vital signs in children with fever，lethargy and shock psychiatric symptoms should be closely observed． The early diagnosis and intervention are the key to reduce the mortality rate and sequela and improve the prognosis．
Objective:To explore the clinical features and treatment experience of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in children． Methods:The clinical data of 155 children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease were retrospectively analyzed． All patients were treated with intravenous gamma globulin，methylprednisolone based on anti-infection and symptomatic treatment，and reducing intracranial pressure，improving circulation and myocardium and supporting respiratory according to patient' s condition． Results: Amony 155 patients，the severe hand-foot-mouth disease tended to occur in children less than 3 years old(91． 6%)，1 to 2 years old children accounted for 60． 6%． The ratio of boy to girl was 1． 5 to 1，the rural children were 121 cases(72． 2%)． The skittishness and rash in all patients were found． The fever in 147 cases，lethargy and poor spirit in 110 cases，limb jitter in 32 cases，nausea and vomiting in 14 cases，cold sweat in 3 cases，WBC rising in 75 cases，creatine kinase isoenzyme rising in 68 cases，blood sugar rising in 45 cases，C reactive protein rising in 37 cases，high blood pressure rising 33 cases and heart rate increasing in 16 cases were found． The abnormal cerebrospinal fluid in 148 cases was found by examination． One hundred and fifty-three patients including 1 case with acute flaccid paralysis were cured，2 cases died． Conclusions:The severe hand-foot-mouth disease often occurs in children less than 3 years old，the blood pressure，blood sugar，heart rate of vital signs in children with fever，lethargy and shock psychiatric symptoms should be closely observed． The early diagnosis and intervention are the key to reduce the mortality rate and sequela and improve the prognosis．
2014, 38(3): 339-342.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of different Methods for management of caesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)． Methods:Eight patients with CSP were included in the study． Two of the cases suffered from vagina bleeding after treatment failure in other hospitals and received emergency uterine artery embolization and methotrexate chemotherapy after surgery，1 case was treated with mifepristone alone，1 case outburst vagina bleeding during the therapy of mifepristone combined with methotrexate，and then underwent emergency uterine artery embolization and hysteroscopy CSP lesion resection 1 week later，2 cases were performed routine hysteroscopy CSP lesion resection and the other 2 cases resorted to abdominal CSP lesion excision repair，for 1 case had intraoperative bleeding in the hysteroscopy check and the other one was found to have uterine scar diverticulum pregnancy by hysteroscopy check． Results:All the 8 cases were cured and the uteri were retained． Among them，1 case treated by only mifepristone achieved successful result，2 cases underwent hysteroscopy surgery after drug treatment failure，and 2 cases resorted to abdominal surgery after drug treatment failure and hysteroscopy surgery failure;3 cases that suffered from serious vagina bleeding got successful hemostasis with uterine artery embolization and then underwent drug therapy or hysteroscopy surgery． Conclusions:Simple drug therapy and hysteroscopy surgery must aim at certain indications，and uterine artery embolization can quickly stop bleeding． Combination therapy of drugs or operation with embolism is safe and effective for management of caesarean scar pregnancy．
Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of different Methods for management of caesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)． Methods:Eight patients with CSP were included in the study． Two of the cases suffered from vagina bleeding after treatment failure in other hospitals and received emergency uterine artery embolization and methotrexate chemotherapy after surgery，1 case was treated with mifepristone alone，1 case outburst vagina bleeding during the therapy of mifepristone combined with methotrexate，and then underwent emergency uterine artery embolization and hysteroscopy CSP lesion resection 1 week later，2 cases were performed routine hysteroscopy CSP lesion resection and the other 2 cases resorted to abdominal CSP lesion excision repair，for 1 case had intraoperative bleeding in the hysteroscopy check and the other one was found to have uterine scar diverticulum pregnancy by hysteroscopy check． Results:All the 8 cases were cured and the uteri were retained． Among them，1 case treated by only mifepristone achieved successful result，2 cases underwent hysteroscopy surgery after drug treatment failure，and 2 cases resorted to abdominal surgery after drug treatment failure and hysteroscopy surgery failure;3 cases that suffered from serious vagina bleeding got successful hemostasis with uterine artery embolization and then underwent drug therapy or hysteroscopy surgery． Conclusions:Simple drug therapy and hysteroscopy surgery must aim at certain indications，and uterine artery embolization can quickly stop bleeding． Combination therapy of drugs or operation with embolism is safe and effective for management of caesarean scar pregnancy．
2014, 38(3): 342-344.
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the effects of double leaf finger artery island flap with nerve in the repair of soft tissue defect in ventral thumb． Methods:According to the defect area in ventral thumb of 14 cases，double leaf finger artery island flap with nerve in ulnar side of middle finger and radial side of ring finger was designed and transferred into the wound． The wound of donor was repaired by skin grafting． Results:All flaps survived，good finger appearance and sensibility function were found by following up for 1 to 38 months． Conclusions:The double leaf finger artery island flap with nerve in ulnar side of middle finger and radial side of ring finger in the repair of soft tissue defect in ventral thumb is reasonable design，convenient transfer，rational construction and good appearance after repair．
Objective:To explore the effects of double leaf finger artery island flap with nerve in the repair of soft tissue defect in ventral thumb． Methods:According to the defect area in ventral thumb of 14 cases，double leaf finger artery island flap with nerve in ulnar side of middle finger and radial side of ring finger was designed and transferred into the wound． The wound of donor was repaired by skin grafting． Results:All flaps survived，good finger appearance and sensibility function were found by following up for 1 to 38 months． Conclusions:The double leaf finger artery island flap with nerve in ulnar side of middle finger and radial side of ring finger in the repair of soft tissue defect in ventral thumb is reasonable design，convenient transfer，rational construction and good appearance after repair．
2014, 38(3): 345-347.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with primary nephrotic syndrome． Methods:The clinical data of 40 children with primary nephrotic syndrome(including 31 cases of simple nephrotic syndrome and 9 cases of nephritis nephropathy) were retrospectively analyzed． Results:Edema was the major clinical manifestation of children，and the primary reason for seeing doctor． All children were treated with rest，limiting sodium intaking and adrenal cortical hormone and cytotoxic drugs． The complete remission rates of simple nephrotic syndrome and nephritis nephropathy were 70． 1% and 33． 3%，respectively． Respiratory tract infection in 9 cases，hyponatremia in 4 cases，hypothyroidism in 2 cases，acute renal insufficiency in 2 cases and cerebral embolism in 1 case were found． Conclusions:The complete remission rate of simple nephrotic syndrome treated with prednisone is higher than that in nephritis nephropathy treated with prednisone． Immune inhibitor in the treatment of steroid-resistant children with primary nephrotic syndrome has certain effect． The complications of patients and compliance education of patients and their families should be strengthened during treatment．
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with primary nephrotic syndrome． Methods:The clinical data of 40 children with primary nephrotic syndrome(including 31 cases of simple nephrotic syndrome and 9 cases of nephritis nephropathy) were retrospectively analyzed． Results:Edema was the major clinical manifestation of children，and the primary reason for seeing doctor． All children were treated with rest，limiting sodium intaking and adrenal cortical hormone and cytotoxic drugs． The complete remission rates of simple nephrotic syndrome and nephritis nephropathy were 70． 1% and 33． 3%，respectively． Respiratory tract infection in 9 cases，hyponatremia in 4 cases，hypothyroidism in 2 cases，acute renal insufficiency in 2 cases and cerebral embolism in 1 case were found． Conclusions:The complete remission rate of simple nephrotic syndrome treated with prednisone is higher than that in nephritis nephropathy treated with prednisone． Immune inhibitor in the treatment of steroid-resistant children with primary nephrotic syndrome has certain effect． The complications of patients and compliance education of patients and their families should be strengthened during treatment．
2014, 38(3): 357-360.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the current situation of medical students' media literacy，find the problem and provide the basis for establishing media literacy education countermeasures． Methods:The basic knowledge of media，the way，preference and purpose of media contact and the choice and evaluation of media dissemination of information of 1 798 medical students from four universities in Anhui were surveyed by questionnaire． Results:The basic knowledge of medical student was beter than that of the 2009 national public (P 0． 01)． The internet was the favorite contact media of medical students． The mainly purposes of medical students' contact media included entertainment in 1 123 students(62． 46%)，relaxation in 845 students(47． 00%)，chitchat in 752 students(41． 82%)， interpersonal communication in 680 students(37． 82%)，learning knowledge in 543 students(30． 20%)，understanding information in 536 students(29． 81%)，killing time in 169 students(9． 40%)，sending lonely in 158 students(8． 79%) and others in 26 students (1． 45%)． Conclusions:The media knowledge level of medical student is higher than that of the national public． The purpose of contact media is spontaneous． The medical educators need strengthen the media literacy education in medical students． and guide the medilal students to use rational various media．
Objective:To investigate the current situation of medical students' media literacy，find the problem and provide the basis for establishing media literacy education countermeasures． Methods:The basic knowledge of media，the way，preference and purpose of media contact and the choice and evaluation of media dissemination of information of 1 798 medical students from four universities in Anhui were surveyed by questionnaire． Results:The basic knowledge of medical student was beter than that of the 2009 national public (P 0． 01)． The internet was the favorite contact media of medical students． The mainly purposes of medical students' contact media included entertainment in 1 123 students(62． 46%)，relaxation in 845 students(47． 00%)，chitchat in 752 students(41． 82%)， interpersonal communication in 680 students(37． 82%)，learning knowledge in 543 students(30． 20%)，understanding information in 536 students(29． 81%)，killing time in 169 students(9． 40%)，sending lonely in 158 students(8． 79%) and others in 26 students (1． 45%)． Conclusions:The media knowledge level of medical student is higher than that of the national public． The purpose of contact media is spontaneous． The medical educators need strengthen the media literacy education in medical students． and guide the medilal students to use rational various media．
2014, 38(3): 360-362.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the level of uncertainty in illness and coping style of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)，and analyze the correlation between the two factors． Methods:One hundred and six patients with T2DM by the convenience sampling were investigated with Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale and medical coping mode questionnaire． The Results were analyzed for the correlations． Results:The level of uncertainty in illness in patients with T2DM was at the middle level． The score of uncertainty in illness was negatively correlated with confrontation(P 0． 01)，and it was positively correlated with resignation(P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Nurses should measure uncertainty in illness in patients with T2DM diabetes and help them to adopt appropriate coping， so as to reduce patients' uncertainty in illness and improve those patients' life quality．
Objective:To investigate the level of uncertainty in illness and coping style of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)，and analyze the correlation between the two factors． Methods:One hundred and six patients with T2DM by the convenience sampling were investigated with Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale and medical coping mode questionnaire． The Results were analyzed for the correlations． Results:The level of uncertainty in illness in patients with T2DM was at the middle level． The score of uncertainty in illness was negatively correlated with confrontation(P 0． 01)，and it was positively correlated with resignation(P 0． 05)． Conclusions:Nurses should measure uncertainty in illness in patients with T2DM diabetes and help them to adopt appropriate coping， so as to reduce patients' uncertainty in illness and improve those patients' life quality．
2014, 38(3): 363-366,371.
Abstract:
Objective:To survey the interpersonal communication ability of college students and to analyze the related factors． Methods:One thousand four hundred and thirty college students were investigated by College Students Interpersonal Communication Ability Questionnaire，Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire． Results:The gender，whether or not being the only child in the family，whether or not having been a student cadre，birthplace，academic performance，relation with the parents and family income all affected the interpersonal communication ability of college students(P 0． 05 － P 0． 01)． The interpersonal communication ability of college students was positively correlated with extraversion (P 0． 01)，and negatively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism(P 0． 01)． Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the main influential factors for college students' interpersonal communication ability were extraversion，psychoticism，neuroticism，gender，whether or not having been a student cadre，relation with the father and the family income． Conclusions:The interpersonal communication ability of college students is affected by factors concerning their own disposition，the family and the school．
Objective:To survey the interpersonal communication ability of college students and to analyze the related factors． Methods:One thousand four hundred and thirty college students were investigated by College Students Interpersonal Communication Ability Questionnaire，Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire． Results:The gender，whether or not being the only child in the family，whether or not having been a student cadre，birthplace，academic performance，relation with the parents and family income all affected the interpersonal communication ability of college students(P 0． 05 － P 0． 01)． The interpersonal communication ability of college students was positively correlated with extraversion (P 0． 01)，and negatively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism(P 0． 01)． Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the main influential factors for college students' interpersonal communication ability were extraversion，psychoticism，neuroticism，gender，whether or not having been a student cadre，relation with the father and the family income． Conclusions:The interpersonal communication ability of college students is affected by factors concerning their own disposition，the family and the school．
2014, 38(3): 367-371.
Abstract:
Objective:To evaluate the effect of nursing skills course on critical thinking of nursing undergraduates． Methods:Quasi experiment was used in the study． Nursing students were employed in the experiment and divided into experimental group(n =55，2009 seniors)，control A(n = 56，2009 seniors)，control B(n = 78，2008 junior)． Nursing skills course was used in the experimental group and the control A from September to November total 60 hours． Many kinds of teaching method based on clinical pathway and clinical cases were used in experimental group． Traditional teaching method was used in control A． All the students filled in Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version before and after the experiment． Results:Compared with total scores of critical thinking before experiment，total scores of critical thinking after experiment showed significant increase(P 0． 01) in experimental group;compared with control groups A and B，experimental group Open-mindedness，Analyticity，Systematicity，Cognitive maturity showed significant increase in the scores(P 0． 05 to P 0． 01)，whereas Truth-seeking，Self-confidence and Inqusitiveness did not． Conclusions:Nursing skills course based on many teaching Methods can improve students' critical thinking ability．
Objective:To evaluate the effect of nursing skills course on critical thinking of nursing undergraduates． Methods:Quasi experiment was used in the study． Nursing students were employed in the experiment and divided into experimental group(n =55，2009 seniors)，control A(n = 56，2009 seniors)，control B(n = 78，2008 junior)． Nursing skills course was used in the experimental group and the control A from September to November total 60 hours． Many kinds of teaching method based on clinical pathway and clinical cases were used in experimental group． Traditional teaching method was used in control A． All the students filled in Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version before and after the experiment． Results:Compared with total scores of critical thinking before experiment，total scores of critical thinking after experiment showed significant increase(P 0． 01) in experimental group;compared with control groups A and B，experimental group Open-mindedness，Analyticity，Systematicity，Cognitive maturity showed significant increase in the scores(P 0． 05 to P 0． 01)，whereas Truth-seeking，Self-confidence and Inqusitiveness did not． Conclusions:Nursing skills course based on many teaching Methods can improve students' critical thinking ability．
2014, 38(3): 372-374.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the core competence of master of nursing specialist(MNS) students and provide the basis of establishing their training mode． Methods:The expert personal interview and focus group discussing method were implentmented in 19 experts and 26 students，respectively． Results:Experts and students agreed that MNS students should possess the eight core competences including theory knowledge，professional skills，critical thinking ability，research ability，educating ability，interpersonal skills，nursing ethics ability，professional development ability and English language ability． Conclusions:Domestic and foreign advanced education experience should be imitated，and the eight core competences should be trained in formulating training model of MNS students，which can meet the clinical demand in high-level nursing staff．
Objective:To investigate the core competence of master of nursing specialist(MNS) students and provide the basis of establishing their training mode． Methods:The expert personal interview and focus group discussing method were implentmented in 19 experts and 26 students，respectively． Results:Experts and students agreed that MNS students should possess the eight core competences including theory knowledge，professional skills，critical thinking ability，research ability，educating ability，interpersonal skills，nursing ethics ability，professional development ability and English language ability． Conclusions:Domestic and foreign advanced education experience should be imitated，and the eight core competences should be trained in formulating training model of MNS students，which can meet the clinical demand in high-level nursing staff．
2014, 38(3): 375-377.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the causes and value of ultrasonography for perirenal effusion． Methods: The causes and ultrasound features of 43 cases with perirenal effusion were retrospectively analyzed． Results:Among the 43 cases，acute urinary tract obstruction in 19 cases，acute pancreatitis in 8 cases，renal trauma in 6 cases，acute pyelonephritis in 5 cases，retroperitoneal hematoma in 4 cases and liver trauma in 1 case were found． The ultrasound feature of renal subcapsular effusion was crescent liquid dark area between renal capsule and renal parenchyma． The thickening adipose capsule was the manifestation of renal subcapsular effusion，and the liquid dark area in perirenal space was various multichip form． Conclusions:The ultrasound detection rate of perirenal effusion is high． Ultrasound can effectively find the primary lesions，dynamically observe the patient's condition and perirenal effusion absorption， which has high application value．
Objective:To investigate the causes and value of ultrasonography for perirenal effusion． Methods: The causes and ultrasound features of 43 cases with perirenal effusion were retrospectively analyzed． Results:Among the 43 cases，acute urinary tract obstruction in 19 cases，acute pancreatitis in 8 cases，renal trauma in 6 cases，acute pyelonephritis in 5 cases，retroperitoneal hematoma in 4 cases and liver trauma in 1 case were found． The ultrasound feature of renal subcapsular effusion was crescent liquid dark area between renal capsule and renal parenchyma． The thickening adipose capsule was the manifestation of renal subcapsular effusion，and the liquid dark area in perirenal space was various multichip form． Conclusions:The ultrasound detection rate of perirenal effusion is high． Ultrasound can effectively find the primary lesions，dynamically observe the patient's condition and perirenal effusion absorption， which has high application value．
2014, 38(3): 377-379.
Abstract:
Objective:To summarize the CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and improve its recognition． Methods:CT features of 5 cases with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed by combining with the literature data． Results:Multiple tumors in 4 cases，the features of which were cystic-solid lesions at different sizes and single tumor in 1 case were found． CT scanning showed low density placeholder with clear boundary in liver and more irregular low density area in the center of lesion． The single tumor was cystic lesion． Early mild-to-moderate strengthening in the solid part of tumor，mild strengthening during portal vein period and delay period and no obvious strengthening in more low density areas of center were found by CT enhancement scanning． Conclusions:The CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma have certain characteristics，which has certain value on its diagnosis and differential diagnosis．
Objective:To summarize the CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and improve its recognition． Methods:CT features of 5 cases with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed by combining with the literature data． Results:Multiple tumors in 4 cases，the features of which were cystic-solid lesions at different sizes and single tumor in 1 case were found． CT scanning showed low density placeholder with clear boundary in liver and more irregular low density area in the center of lesion． The single tumor was cystic lesion． Early mild-to-moderate strengthening in the solid part of tumor，mild strengthening during portal vein period and delay period and no obvious strengthening in more low density areas of center were found by CT enhancement scanning． Conclusions:The CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma have certain characteristics，which has certain value on its diagnosis and differential diagnosis．
2014, 38(3): 380-382.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the value of body-surface electrocardiogram in the prediction of acute inferior myocardial infarction(AIMI) caused by left circumflex artery(LCX) or right coronary artery(RCA)． Methods:The data of AIMI with ST segment elevation，coronary arteriography of LCX and IRA and the no-opening ECG were analyzed． The coronary artery lesion were determined by observing the ECGⅠ，aVL lead，aVR lead，V1，V5and V6lead and the baseline of ST segment(up or down) combined with analysing the coronary angiography and clinical data． Results:During 59 AIMI cases with ST segment elevation caused by LCX or RCA lesion， 7 cases with LCX occlusion and 52 cases with RCA occlusion were found． The occurrence rates of STⅠ，aVL down ＆ ST aVR up and down to less than 0． 1 mV or without in RCA occlusion patients were higher than those in LCX occlusion patients(P 0． 01 and P 0． 05)，the occurrence rates of ST aVR down more than or equal to 0． 1 mV and ST V1down，ST V5＆ ST V6up in LCX occlusion patients were higher than those in RCA occlusion patients(P 0． 05)． The sensitivity and specificity of ST V1down ＆ ST aVR up and down to less than 0． 1 mV or without in predicting RCA for infarct artery were 73． 1% ＆ 80． 8% and 6/7 ＆ 5/7，respectively． The sensitivity and specificity of ST V1down，ST aVR down more than or equal to 0． 1 mV and ST V5＆ ST V6up in predicting LCX for infarct artery were 4/7，4/7 ＆ 3/7 and 84． 6%，86． 5% ＆ 92． 3%，respectively． Conclusions:The effects of analysing multiple lead changes of ECG and using various Methods on predicting the related artery of inferior wall acute myocardial infarction are better than a single ECG standard．
Objective:To investigate the value of body-surface electrocardiogram in the prediction of acute inferior myocardial infarction(AIMI) caused by left circumflex artery(LCX) or right coronary artery(RCA)． Methods:The data of AIMI with ST segment elevation，coronary arteriography of LCX and IRA and the no-opening ECG were analyzed． The coronary artery lesion were determined by observing the ECGⅠ，aVL lead，aVR lead，V1，V5and V6lead and the baseline of ST segment(up or down) combined with analysing the coronary angiography and clinical data． Results:During 59 AIMI cases with ST segment elevation caused by LCX or RCA lesion， 7 cases with LCX occlusion and 52 cases with RCA occlusion were found． The occurrence rates of STⅠ，aVL down ＆ ST aVR up and down to less than 0． 1 mV or without in RCA occlusion patients were higher than those in LCX occlusion patients(P 0． 01 and P 0． 05)，the occurrence rates of ST aVR down more than or equal to 0． 1 mV and ST V1down，ST V5＆ ST V6up in LCX occlusion patients were higher than those in RCA occlusion patients(P 0． 05)． The sensitivity and specificity of ST V1down ＆ ST aVR up and down to less than 0． 1 mV or without in predicting RCA for infarct artery were 73． 1% ＆ 80． 8% and 6/7 ＆ 5/7，respectively． The sensitivity and specificity of ST V1down，ST aVR down more than or equal to 0． 1 mV and ST V5＆ ST V6up in predicting LCX for infarct artery were 4/7，4/7 ＆ 3/7 and 84． 6%，86． 5% ＆ 92． 3%，respectively． Conclusions:The effects of analysing multiple lead changes of ECG and using various Methods on predicting the related artery of inferior wall acute myocardial infarction are better than a single ECG standard．
2014, 38(3): 390-392,396.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the clinical preventive application of antibiotics before and after the special rectification of antimicrobial drugs，and to assess its effectiveness in Maanshan Shiqiye Hospital． Methods:Extract the clean surgical medical records during the first(group A) and fourth(group B) quarters of 2012 in Maanshan Shiqiye Hospital，and evaluate the reasonableness of prophylactic antimicrobial agents in perioperative period of clean surgery． Results:The rationality of clean surgical prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in group B has improved greatly compared with group A(P 0． 01)，in these ways of medication indications，timing of administration，course of treatment，selection of antimicrobic varieties，etc． Conclusions:The special rectification of antibiotics has made certain amount of achievement，and the rationality has been improved significantly．
Objective:To investigate the clinical preventive application of antibiotics before and after the special rectification of antimicrobial drugs，and to assess its effectiveness in Maanshan Shiqiye Hospital． Methods:Extract the clean surgical medical records during the first(group A) and fourth(group B) quarters of 2012 in Maanshan Shiqiye Hospital，and evaluate the reasonableness of prophylactic antimicrobial agents in perioperative period of clean surgery． Results:The rationality of clean surgical prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in group B has improved greatly compared with group A(P 0． 01)，in these ways of medication indications，timing of administration，course of treatment，selection of antimicrobic varieties，etc． Conclusions:The special rectification of antibiotics has made certain amount of achievement，and the rationality has been improved significantly．
2014, 38(3): 393-396.
Abstract:
Objective:To analyze the change trend of the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in patients with urinary tract infection so as to provide basis for the rational use of drugs in clinic． Methods:The pathogenic bacteria distribution of 668 strains isolated from a hospital and the distribution and drug resistance of extended-spectrum -lactamase(ESBL) Escherichia coli(E． coli) were retrospectively analyzed from 2006 to 2011． Results:Six hundred and sixty-eight strains uropathogen ( the isolation rate for 28． 4%) were isolated from 2 356 urine specimens from 2006 to 2011，which included 438 strains Gram-negative bacilli(65． 6%)， 120 strains Gram-positive Cocci (18． 0%) and 110 stains Cadidia spp (16． 4%)． E． coli was the most commonest uropathogen (302/668)，followed by Candida albicans(57/668) and Klebsiella pneumonia(47/668)． The isolation rate of ESBL + E． coli was 54． 3%(164/302)，and the annual isolation rates of ESBL E． coli were 50． 0% (14/28)，51． 9% (28/54)，45． 6% (26/57)，45． 8% (22/48)，53． 1%(26/49) and 72． 7%(48/66) during the consecutive 6-year，respectively． The urinary tract infection in females(422 cases) were more than that in males(246 cases)，the females with age more than 50 years were the majority(419/668)． Conclusions: The E． coli is the major uropathogen in urinary tract infection，ESBLs is high islation rate and antibiotic resistance，and the islation rate of Candida albicans is higher．
Objective:To analyze the change trend of the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in patients with urinary tract infection so as to provide basis for the rational use of drugs in clinic． Methods:The pathogenic bacteria distribution of 668 strains isolated from a hospital and the distribution and drug resistance of extended-spectrum -lactamase(ESBL) Escherichia coli(E． coli) were retrospectively analyzed from 2006 to 2011． Results:Six hundred and sixty-eight strains uropathogen ( the isolation rate for 28． 4%) were isolated from 2 356 urine specimens from 2006 to 2011，which included 438 strains Gram-negative bacilli(65． 6%)， 120 strains Gram-positive Cocci (18． 0%) and 110 stains Cadidia spp (16． 4%)． E． coli was the most commonest uropathogen (302/668)，followed by Candida albicans(57/668) and Klebsiella pneumonia(47/668)． The isolation rate of ESBL + E． coli was 54． 3%(164/302)，and the annual isolation rates of ESBL E． coli were 50． 0% (14/28)，51． 9% (28/54)，45． 6% (26/57)，45． 8% (22/48)，53． 1%(26/49) and 72． 7%(48/66) during the consecutive 6-year，respectively． The urinary tract infection in females(422 cases) were more than that in males(246 cases)，the females with age more than 50 years were the majority(419/668)． Conclusions: The E． coli is the major uropathogen in urinary tract infection，ESBLs is high islation rate and antibiotic resistance，and the islation rate of Candida albicans is higher．
2014, 38(3): 397-398.
Abstract:
Objective:To compare the effect of nasogastric tube insertion on neonatal nasal feeding using two different measurement Methods． Methods:Eighty neonates needing nasal feeding were randomly divided into 2 groups，observation group and control group，40 cases in each group． Nasogastric tube insertion was performed using an earlap-nasal tip-xiphoid and forehead hairline-umbilicus measurement Methods in observation group and control group，respectively． The length of nasogastric tube insertion，the extraction success rate of gastric juice，and the incidence of nasal feeding complications were compared between two groups．Results:The length of nasogastric tube insertion in observation group was significantly longer than that in control group［(18． 48 0． 26)cm vs． (16． 34 0． 38)cm，P 0． 01］． The pumpback success rate of gastric juice was significantly higher in observation group than that in control group (P 0． 01)． The total incidence of nasal feeding complications was remarkably lower in observation group than that in control group (P 0． 01)．Conclusions:Nasogastric tube insertion using forehead hairline-umbilicus measurement method is superior to using an earlap-nasal tip-xiphoid measurement method，and can reduce the incidence of nasal feeding complications．
Objective:To compare the effect of nasogastric tube insertion on neonatal nasal feeding using two different measurement Methods． Methods:Eighty neonates needing nasal feeding were randomly divided into 2 groups，observation group and control group，40 cases in each group． Nasogastric tube insertion was performed using an earlap-nasal tip-xiphoid and forehead hairline-umbilicus measurement Methods in observation group and control group，respectively． The length of nasogastric tube insertion，the extraction success rate of gastric juice，and the incidence of nasal feeding complications were compared between two groups．Results:The length of nasogastric tube insertion in observation group was significantly longer than that in control group［(18． 48 0． 26)cm vs． (16． 34 0． 38)cm，P 0． 01］． The pumpback success rate of gastric juice was significantly higher in observation group than that in control group (P 0． 01)． The total incidence of nasal feeding complications was remarkably lower in observation group than that in control group (P 0． 01)．Conclusions:Nasogastric tube insertion using forehead hairline-umbilicus measurement method is superior to using an earlap-nasal tip-xiphoid measurement method，and can reduce the incidence of nasal feeding complications．
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