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2011 Vol. 36, No. 1
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2011, 36(1): 1-3.
Abstract:
Objective: To establish cloning vector and standard positive control of molecular biology diagnosis of toxoplasmosis based on the 529 bp repetitive fragment to detect the presence of Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii).Methods: The repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment from T.gondii was amplified by PCR and was inserted into pMD18-T vectors to construct recombinant plasmid and transformed to E.coli DH-5α.A pair of primers were designed and synthesized based on the 529 bp sequence to amplify the 249 bp fragment gene and plasmid DNA of T.gondii.Results: The 529 bp DNA fragment of T.gondii was successfully amplified and inserted into pMD18-T vectors after purification.The 249 bp fragment was amplified by PCR using T.gondii gemome DNA and recombinant plasmid DNA as template.Conclusions: Successfully cloned assay of 529 bp DNA fragment of T.gondii and amplified the 249 bp DNA fragment have laied the foundation of development of T.gondii diagnostic kit.
Objective: To establish cloning vector and standard positive control of molecular biology diagnosis of toxoplasmosis based on the 529 bp repetitive fragment to detect the presence of Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii).Methods: The repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment from T.gondii was amplified by PCR and was inserted into pMD18-T vectors to construct recombinant plasmid and transformed to E.coli DH-5α.A pair of primers were designed and synthesized based on the 529 bp sequence to amplify the 249 bp fragment gene and plasmid DNA of T.gondii.Results: The 529 bp DNA fragment of T.gondii was successfully amplified and inserted into pMD18-T vectors after purification.The 249 bp fragment was amplified by PCR using T.gondii gemome DNA and recombinant plasmid DNA as template.Conclusions: Successfully cloned assay of 529 bp DNA fragment of T.gondii and amplified the 249 bp DNA fragment have laied the foundation of development of T.gondii diagnostic kit.
2011, 36(1): 4-6,10.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the changes of toll like receptors-2 (TLR2)and toll like receptors-4 (TLR4)on the surface of CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods: The expression rate and intensity of TLR2 and TLR4 on the CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of 75 patients with SLE and 44 normal controls were determined by flow cytometry.The TLR2 and TLR4 expression rates,the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the related clinical and laboratory indicators were analyzed.Results: The expression rate and MFI of TLR2 and TLR4 on CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of SLE patients were lower than that of the control group,and the TLR4 in SLE patients with CD14+monocyte expression was higher than that of the normal controls,but the MFI of TLR4 was lower than that of normal subjects (P<0.01).The expression rate of TLR2 was inversely correlated with SLE disease activity index (P<0.01).Conclusions: There is difference in the expression pattern of TLR2 and TLR4 between SLE group and the health control.The results indicate that TLR2 and TLR4 may be involved both in the initiation stage and pathogenetic condition of SLE.
Objective: To investigate the changes of toll like receptors-2 (TLR2)and toll like receptors-4 (TLR4)on the surface of CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods: The expression rate and intensity of TLR2 and TLR4 on the CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of 75 patients with SLE and 44 normal controls were determined by flow cytometry.The TLR2 and TLR4 expression rates,the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the related clinical and laboratory indicators were analyzed.Results: The expression rate and MFI of TLR2 and TLR4 on CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of SLE patients were lower than that of the control group,and the TLR4 in SLE patients with CD14+monocyte expression was higher than that of the normal controls,but the MFI of TLR4 was lower than that of normal subjects (P<0.01).The expression rate of TLR2 was inversely correlated with SLE disease activity index (P<0.01).Conclusions: There is difference in the expression pattern of TLR2 and TLR4 between SLE group and the health control.The results indicate that TLR2 and TLR4 may be involved both in the initiation stage and pathogenetic condition of SLE.
2011, 36(1): 7-10.
Abstract:
Objective: To examine the effects of different concentrations of nitroglycerin (GTN) on cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat hearts.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for Langendoff isolated heart perfusion.The hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia (occlusion of left anterior descending artery) and 120 min reperfusion.The ventricular hemodynamic parameters,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during reperfusion and myocardial infarct size were measured.Results: Administration of GTN at high concentration (2×10-6 mol/L) significantly aggravated post-ischemic myocardial injury characterized by depressed cardiac function recovery (P<0.05-P<0.01),enlarged myocardial infarct size (P<0.01) and increased LDH release (P<0.05).GTN at middle concentration (1×10-7 mol/L) did not change the cardiac function recovery,myocardial infarct size and LDH release (P<0.01).GTN at low concentration (1×10-8 mol/L) further improved the cardiac function recovery,reduced infarct size and LDH release (P<0.05-P<0.01).Conclusions: GTN at high concentration can aggravate cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury,GTN at middle concentration do not influence heart while GTN at low concentration can protect heart.
Objective: To examine the effects of different concentrations of nitroglycerin (GTN) on cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat hearts.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for Langendoff isolated heart perfusion.The hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia (occlusion of left anterior descending artery) and 120 min reperfusion.The ventricular hemodynamic parameters,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during reperfusion and myocardial infarct size were measured.Results: Administration of GTN at high concentration (2×10-6 mol/L) significantly aggravated post-ischemic myocardial injury characterized by depressed cardiac function recovery (P<0.05-P<0.01),enlarged myocardial infarct size (P<0.01) and increased LDH release (P<0.05).GTN at middle concentration (1×10-7 mol/L) did not change the cardiac function recovery,myocardial infarct size and LDH release (P<0.01).GTN at low concentration (1×10-8 mol/L) further improved the cardiac function recovery,reduced infarct size and LDH release (P<0.05-P<0.01).Conclusions: GTN at high concentration can aggravate cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury,GTN at middle concentration do not influence heart while GTN at low concentration can protect heart.
2011, 36(1): 11-14.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the expression of multi-drug resistance-associated proteins (MDR) in Hepatocellular cancer cell line HepG2 and in different concentrations of sub-cell line of oxaliplatin (Oxal),and to study the mechanism of their resistance to Oxal.Methods: HepG2 multi-drug resistance sub-cell line was induced by increasing the concentration of Oxal progressively,and the drug resistance cell line 2.5 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal and 5.0 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal was successfully established.The mRNA expression of the MDR,the expression of multi-drug resistance related protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in the cell lines (HepG2/Oxal) of 2.5 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal and 5.0 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal were detected using RT-PCR,and the variability of the gene expression was verified by Western blot.Results: HepG2/Oxal drug resistance cell subseries with IC50 value of 15 and 25 times were successfully constructed.BCRP expression was positively correlated with HepG2 drug resistance at mRNA and the protein level.But MDR and MRP did not display significant high expression in the prophase drug resistance subseries;the expression of MDR and MRP increased along with the rise of drug resistance level.Conclusions: BCRP plays an important role in the acquired character resistance of HepG2 cell line to Oxal;the expression of MDR and MRP is not obvious at the prophase of the resistance,but increases with the rise of the resistance level.
Objective: To investigate the expression of multi-drug resistance-associated proteins (MDR) in Hepatocellular cancer cell line HepG2 and in different concentrations of sub-cell line of oxaliplatin (Oxal),and to study the mechanism of their resistance to Oxal.Methods: HepG2 multi-drug resistance sub-cell line was induced by increasing the concentration of Oxal progressively,and the drug resistance cell line 2.5 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal and 5.0 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal was successfully established.The mRNA expression of the MDR,the expression of multi-drug resistance related protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in the cell lines (HepG2/Oxal) of 2.5 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal and 5.0 μg/ml HepG2/Oxal were detected using RT-PCR,and the variability of the gene expression was verified by Western blot.Results: HepG2/Oxal drug resistance cell subseries with IC50 value of 15 and 25 times were successfully constructed.BCRP expression was positively correlated with HepG2 drug resistance at mRNA and the protein level.But MDR and MRP did not display significant high expression in the prophase drug resistance subseries;the expression of MDR and MRP increased along with the rise of drug resistance level.Conclusions: BCRP plays an important role in the acquired character resistance of HepG2 cell line to Oxal;the expression of MDR and MRP is not obvious at the prophase of the resistance,but increases with the rise of the resistance level.
2011, 36(1): 15-17.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the surgical technique and clinical effect of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy was conducted in 22 cases,included 12 cases of simply nephrectomy and 10 cases of radical nephrectomy.Results: All operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery.Operation time was 90-240 min.Blood lose was 60-220 ml.The postoperative hospital stay was 6-12 days.There was no complication during and after operation.Local or systemic relapse and tumor seeding in port sites was not observed in 10 cases of renal carcinoma with follow-up of 2-21 months.Conclusions: Retroperitional laparoscopic nephrectomy,with minimal invasion,less blood lose and quicker postoperative recovery,is a practical procedure.
Objective: To investigate the surgical technique and clinical effect of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy was conducted in 22 cases,included 12 cases of simply nephrectomy and 10 cases of radical nephrectomy.Results: All operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery.Operation time was 90-240 min.Blood lose was 60-220 ml.The postoperative hospital stay was 6-12 days.There was no complication during and after operation.Local or systemic relapse and tumor seeding in port sites was not observed in 10 cases of renal carcinoma with follow-up of 2-21 months.Conclusions: Retroperitional laparoscopic nephrectomy,with minimal invasion,less blood lose and quicker postoperative recovery,is a practical procedure.
2011, 36(1): 18-19,22.
Abstract:
Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors.Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was conducted in 35 cases of adrenal tumor.The cases included 15 aldosterone-producing adenomas,9 Cushing's syndromes,6 pheochromocytomas and 5 nonfunctional adrenal adenomas.B ultrasound and CT/MRI were used to diagnose all patients preoperatively.Results: All operations were completed successfully without any severe complications.The time of the operations was 50-160 min.The blood loss was 40-300 ml.The diameter of tumor was 1-6.5 cm.The postoperative hospital stay was 5-7 days.The patients were followed up for 3 to 26 months.Normal blood pressure was achieved in 32 patients in 3 months after operation and oral antihypertensive drugs were still needed in other 3 patients.Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be considered as the first choice for treatment of benign adrenal diseases with the advantages of less trauma,less blood loss and faster postoperative recovery.Indications should base on the pathologic type and tumor size strictly.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors.Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was conducted in 35 cases of adrenal tumor.The cases included 15 aldosterone-producing adenomas,9 Cushing's syndromes,6 pheochromocytomas and 5 nonfunctional adrenal adenomas.B ultrasound and CT/MRI were used to diagnose all patients preoperatively.Results: All operations were completed successfully without any severe complications.The time of the operations was 50-160 min.The blood loss was 40-300 ml.The diameter of tumor was 1-6.5 cm.The postoperative hospital stay was 5-7 days.The patients were followed up for 3 to 26 months.Normal blood pressure was achieved in 32 patients in 3 months after operation and oral antihypertensive drugs were still needed in other 3 patients.Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be considered as the first choice for treatment of benign adrenal diseases with the advantages of less trauma,less blood loss and faster postoperative recovery.Indications should base on the pathologic type and tumor size strictly.
2011, 36(1): 20-22.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the technical detail of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy and evaluate its clinical effect.Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy were conducted in 30 cases of unilateral urinary calculi.Stones located in renal pelvis in 4 cases and in upper ureter in 26 cases.Six cases received unsuccessful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.Results: All operations were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 40-120 min.The intraoperative blood loss was 10-40 ml.Postoperative hospital stay was 5-9 days.Urine leakage occurred in one patient.The double J stent tube was removed after four weeks.With 1-18 months follow-up,hydronephrosis were alleviated and no ureteral stenosis occurred in all cases.Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for treatment of stones in renal pelvis and in upper ureter.It can be an alternative method for treatment of upper ureteral stones if the stone is large or impacted for a long time.
Objective: To investigate the technical detail of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy and evaluate its clinical effect.Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy were conducted in 30 cases of unilateral urinary calculi.Stones located in renal pelvis in 4 cases and in upper ureter in 26 cases.Six cases received unsuccessful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.Results: All operations were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 40-120 min.The intraoperative blood loss was 10-40 ml.Postoperative hospital stay was 5-9 days.Urine leakage occurred in one patient.The double J stent tube was removed after four weeks.With 1-18 months follow-up,hydronephrosis were alleviated and no ureteral stenosis occurred in all cases.Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for treatment of stones in renal pelvis and in upper ureter.It can be an alternative method for treatment of upper ureteral stones if the stone is large or impacted for a long time.
2011, 36(1): 23-25.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the operation method and observe the efficacy of treating renal cystic diseases by retroperitoneal laparoscopy.Methods: Thirty-six patients with renal cystic diseases were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decompression,including:32 cases with simple renal cyst,3 cases with polycystic kidney and 1 case with parapelvic cyst.Results: The operations were successfully in all 36 patients without changing to opening operation.The operation time of simple renal cyst was 30-90 min,polycystic kidney was 90-120 min and parapelvic cyst was 110 min.The blood loss of simple renal cyst was <30 ml,the two others were <50 ml.The hospital stay was 3-6 days,6-8 days and 7 days respectively.Patients were followed up for 3-12 months,all cases were no recurrence.In 3 cases with polycystic kidney,lumbar pain was relieved.The renal function of 1 patient with renal insufficiency was got better.The pressure of 1 patient with high blood pressure preoperative was decreased to normal level.Thirty-six cases were no severe complications.Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decompression is an optimum method for treating renal cystic diseases with the advantages of good curative effect,minimal trauma,rapid recovery and short hospitalization,it will be worthy of clinical recommendation.
Objective: To explore the operation method and observe the efficacy of treating renal cystic diseases by retroperitoneal laparoscopy.Methods: Thirty-six patients with renal cystic diseases were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decompression,including:32 cases with simple renal cyst,3 cases with polycystic kidney and 1 case with parapelvic cyst.Results: The operations were successfully in all 36 patients without changing to opening operation.The operation time of simple renal cyst was 30-90 min,polycystic kidney was 90-120 min and parapelvic cyst was 110 min.The blood loss of simple renal cyst was <30 ml,the two others were <50 ml.The hospital stay was 3-6 days,6-8 days and 7 days respectively.Patients were followed up for 3-12 months,all cases were no recurrence.In 3 cases with polycystic kidney,lumbar pain was relieved.The renal function of 1 patient with renal insufficiency was got better.The pressure of 1 patient with high blood pressure preoperative was decreased to normal level.Thirty-six cases were no severe complications.Conclusions: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decompression is an optimum method for treating renal cystic diseases with the advantages of good curative effect,minimal trauma,rapid recovery and short hospitalization,it will be worthy of clinical recommendation.
2011, 36(1): 26-28.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in treatment of middle or lower ureteral calculi.Methods: Holmium laser lithotripsy was conducted in 70 cases of middle and lower ureteral calculi via rigid ureteroscope.There were 26 cases with middle ureteral calculi and 44 cases with lower ureteral calculi.Acute renal colic was occurred in 8 cases.Polyp was found in 22 cases and ureteral stenosis was found in 5 cases.Results: The successful lithotripsy in a single procedure was achieved in 67 cases and the success rate was 95.7%.Failure of ureteroscopy placement occurred in one case because of stricture of ureteral orifice.Calculi was translocated to renal pelvis in one case.Conversion to open surgery was occurred in one case because of polyp package of ureteral calculi.Ureteral perforation was occurred in 4 cases and urinary tract infection was occurred in one case who was recovered after use of antibiotics.There was no ureteral stenosis or calculous remnant happening after following-up of 2 to 6 months.Conclusions: Treatment of ureteral calculi by ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective,less invasive and safe method.It should be the preferred way to patients with lower or middle ureteral calculus.
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in treatment of middle or lower ureteral calculi.Methods: Holmium laser lithotripsy was conducted in 70 cases of middle and lower ureteral calculi via rigid ureteroscope.There were 26 cases with middle ureteral calculi and 44 cases with lower ureteral calculi.Acute renal colic was occurred in 8 cases.Polyp was found in 22 cases and ureteral stenosis was found in 5 cases.Results: The successful lithotripsy in a single procedure was achieved in 67 cases and the success rate was 95.7%.Failure of ureteroscopy placement occurred in one case because of stricture of ureteral orifice.Calculi was translocated to renal pelvis in one case.Conversion to open surgery was occurred in one case because of polyp package of ureteral calculi.Ureteral perforation was occurred in 4 cases and urinary tract infection was occurred in one case who was recovered after use of antibiotics.There was no ureteral stenosis or calculous remnant happening after following-up of 2 to 6 months.Conclusions: Treatment of ureteral calculi by ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective,less invasive and safe method.It should be the preferred way to patients with lower or middle ureteral calculus.
2011, 36(1): 29-33.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the molecular classification in breast cancer and the clinicopathological features of variant subtypes.Methods: The expression of ER,PR and HER2 (C-erbB-2) in the cases of breast cancer detected immunohistochemically (S-P method) were studied retrospectively.The cases were reclassified according to the standard of molecular classification,and the clinicopathological features were observed and compared with the WHO histological classification.Results: The invasive breast carcinomas 745 cases were divided into 5 subtypes according to the molecular classification.Among these cases,luminal A subtype accounted for 235 cases,luminal B subtype 95 cases,HER2 overexpressing subtype 141 cases and basal-like subtype (BLBC)/triple negative breast cancer 142 cases,respectively.The remainder was not classified.The clinicopathological features were described.Conclusions: The moleculai and histological classifications of breast cancer are partly responsive.Immuohistochemical technique is helpful standardization to the molecular classification,which is more directly related to the therapy and prognosis and so worthy of wide employment and further standardization.
Objective: To explore the molecular classification in breast cancer and the clinicopathological features of variant subtypes.Methods: The expression of ER,PR and HER2 (C-erbB-2) in the cases of breast cancer detected immunohistochemically (S-P method) were studied retrospectively.The cases were reclassified according to the standard of molecular classification,and the clinicopathological features were observed and compared with the WHO histological classification.Results: The invasive breast carcinomas 745 cases were divided into 5 subtypes according to the molecular classification.Among these cases,luminal A subtype accounted for 235 cases,luminal B subtype 95 cases,HER2 overexpressing subtype 141 cases and basal-like subtype (BLBC)/triple negative breast cancer 142 cases,respectively.The remainder was not classified.The clinicopathological features were described.Conclusions: The moleculai and histological classifications of breast cancer are partly responsive.Immuohistochemical technique is helpful standardization to the molecular classification,which is more directly related to the therapy and prognosis and so worthy of wide employment and further standardization.
2011, 36(1): 33-34.
Abstract:
Objective: To summarize the surgical experience and therapeutic effect for substernal goiter.Methods: Twenty-one cases with substernal goiter were operated with resection method.One case of thyroid cancer was treated with radical resection,the other 20 cases of thyroid benign tumor were treated with subtotal thyroidectomy.Results: No operative or hospitalized death occurred;one case was complicated with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,and postoperative recovery was in three months.Two cases was with transient tetany,postoperative recovery was in in two months.Conclusions: Goiter can be excised by way of neck with satisfactory prognosis,and there is no need to open the chest.
Objective: To summarize the surgical experience and therapeutic effect for substernal goiter.Methods: Twenty-one cases with substernal goiter were operated with resection method.One case of thyroid cancer was treated with radical resection,the other 20 cases of thyroid benign tumor were treated with subtotal thyroidectomy.Results: No operative or hospitalized death occurred;one case was complicated with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,and postoperative recovery was in three months.Two cases was with transient tetany,postoperative recovery was in in two months.Conclusions: Goiter can be excised by way of neck with satisfactory prognosis,and there is no need to open the chest.
2011, 36(1): 35-37,41.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the promoter hypermethylation status of tumor suppressor Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF 1A) gene in ovarian cancer,peritoneal fluid and the value of diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Methods: The promoter methylation status of the promoter region of RASSF 1A was analyzed by methylation specific-PCR in forty-two malignant ovarian tumor tissues and ascites (or peritoneal fluid),eleven normal ovarian tissues and ninteen benign ovarian tumor tissues.Results: The promoter methylation rate of RASSF 1A in ovarian cancer was 38.1% while in benign tissues was 0.The rate of promoter hypermethylation of RASSF 1A in ovarian cancer and noncancer tissues showed significant correlation (P<0.01).The frequency of promoter methylation of RASSF 1A was correlated with operation-pathology stage and lymph node metastasis.There was statistically significant difference.Hypermethylation of RASSF 1A gene happened more often in tumors in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ 54.2% than that in stage Ⅰand Ⅱ 16.6% (P<0.05).The frequency of promoter methylation of RASSF 1A was significantly higher in the patients with positive lymph node metastasis 56.5% than those without lymph node metastasis 15.8% (P<0.01).The frequency of methylation of promoter region in RASSF 1A gene was significantly higher in the patients with positive ascites or peritoneal liquid 74.1% than in those negative ascites or peritoneal liquid 33.3% (P<0.01).Conclusions: There was significant frequency promoter methylation of RASSF 1A in ovarian cancer.Detection of aberrant RASSF 1A methylation may serve as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker.
Objective: To investigate the promoter hypermethylation status of tumor suppressor Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF 1A) gene in ovarian cancer,peritoneal fluid and the value of diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Methods: The promoter methylation status of the promoter region of RASSF 1A was analyzed by methylation specific-PCR in forty-two malignant ovarian tumor tissues and ascites (or peritoneal fluid),eleven normal ovarian tissues and ninteen benign ovarian tumor tissues.Results: The promoter methylation rate of RASSF 1A in ovarian cancer was 38.1% while in benign tissues was 0.The rate of promoter hypermethylation of RASSF 1A in ovarian cancer and noncancer tissues showed significant correlation (P<0.01).The frequency of promoter methylation of RASSF 1A was correlated with operation-pathology stage and lymph node metastasis.There was statistically significant difference.Hypermethylation of RASSF 1A gene happened more often in tumors in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ 54.2% than that in stage Ⅰand Ⅱ 16.6% (P<0.05).The frequency of promoter methylation of RASSF 1A was significantly higher in the patients with positive lymph node metastasis 56.5% than those without lymph node metastasis 15.8% (P<0.01).The frequency of methylation of promoter region in RASSF 1A gene was significantly higher in the patients with positive ascites or peritoneal liquid 74.1% than in those negative ascites or peritoneal liquid 33.3% (P<0.01).Conclusions: There was significant frequency promoter methylation of RASSF 1A in ovarian cancer.Detection of aberrant RASSF 1A methylation may serve as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker.
2011, 36(1): 38-41.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the expression of claudin-3,4 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal esophageal mucosa and its clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detected the expressions of claudin-3,4 protein and clinicopathological characteristics in fifty-four cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and twenty-six cases of adjacent normal esophageal tissue.Results: The positive expression rate (92.6%) of claudin-3 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than adjacent normal esophageal mucosa (15.4%) (P<0.01),the expression of claudin-3 protein was unrelated with sex,age,tumor size,histological grade,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis (P>0.05),but was related with distant metastasis,the positive rate in distant metastasis were lower than those without distant metastasis (P<0.05).The expression of claudin-4 protein was related with age and distant metastasis,the positive rate in distant metastasis and ≤ 60 years old were lower than those without distant metastasis (P<0.05) and patients>60 years (P<0.01).Conclusions: Claudin-3,4 plays a catalytic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis,but when there is distant metastasis,the expression is low or lack.
Objective: To explore the expression of claudin-3,4 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal esophageal mucosa and its clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detected the expressions of claudin-3,4 protein and clinicopathological characteristics in fifty-four cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and twenty-six cases of adjacent normal esophageal tissue.Results: The positive expression rate (92.6%) of claudin-3 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than adjacent normal esophageal mucosa (15.4%) (P<0.01),the expression of claudin-3 protein was unrelated with sex,age,tumor size,histological grade,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis (P>0.05),but was related with distant metastasis,the positive rate in distant metastasis were lower than those without distant metastasis (P<0.05).The expression of claudin-4 protein was related with age and distant metastasis,the positive rate in distant metastasis and ≤ 60 years old were lower than those without distant metastasis (P<0.05) and patients>60 years (P<0.01).Conclusions: Claudin-3,4 plays a catalytic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis,but when there is distant metastasis,the expression is low or lack.
2011, 36(1): 42-44.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the surgical therapy of lower extremity arteriosclerosis disease.Methods: The traditional artery bypass or extra-anatomic bypass graft surgery wer adopted in 37 patients,the interventional therapy was adopted in 27 cases,and the traditional surgery and interventional surgery in 18 cases.Results: Seventy-one cases achieved good results,which symptoms significantly improved.Ankle brachial index (ABI) was significantly increased.Postoperative CT angiography showed a marked increase in distal arterial patency rate.Six cases graft showed vascular thrombosis.Three cases with no good results were amputated.Two cases were dead with complication.Conclusions: There are various surgical therapies for lower extremity arteriosclerosis disease.The most suitable therapy has to be on comprehensive consideration of the patient general condition,lesion locations,ranges etc.
Objective: To explore the surgical therapy of lower extremity arteriosclerosis disease.Methods: The traditional artery bypass or extra-anatomic bypass graft surgery wer adopted in 37 patients,the interventional therapy was adopted in 27 cases,and the traditional surgery and interventional surgery in 18 cases.Results: Seventy-one cases achieved good results,which symptoms significantly improved.Ankle brachial index (ABI) was significantly increased.Postoperative CT angiography showed a marked increase in distal arterial patency rate.Six cases graft showed vascular thrombosis.Three cases with no good results were amputated.Two cases were dead with complication.Conclusions: There are various surgical therapies for lower extremity arteriosclerosis disease.The most suitable therapy has to be on comprehensive consideration of the patient general condition,lesion locations,ranges etc.
2011, 36(1): 44-46.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder neoplasm in one-stage.Methods: The clinical date of 50 cases of bladder neoplasm with BPH were retrospectively analysed.Results: All operations were successful and no case was conversed to open surgery.No one received blood transfusion and no severe complication was observed.The average operation time,hospitalization time and total operative blood loss were (78±23) min, (6.4±2.0) days and (90±39) ml,respectively.The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 30 months.Recurrence rate at average follow-up period of 15 month was 12% (6/50).There was no implantation of urethral and bladder orificium fistulae.There were significant differences in IPSS,residual urine and maximum flow rate (P<0.01).Conclusions: Transurethral resection is a safe surgery therapy which can be recommended as an effective treatment for BPH with bladder neoplasm in one-stage.
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder neoplasm in one-stage.Methods: The clinical date of 50 cases of bladder neoplasm with BPH were retrospectively analysed.Results: All operations were successful and no case was conversed to open surgery.No one received blood transfusion and no severe complication was observed.The average operation time,hospitalization time and total operative blood loss were (78±23) min, (6.4±2.0) days and (90±39) ml,respectively.The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 30 months.Recurrence rate at average follow-up period of 15 month was 12% (6/50).There was no implantation of urethral and bladder orificium fistulae.There were significant differences in IPSS,residual urine and maximum flow rate (P<0.01).Conclusions: Transurethral resection is a safe surgery therapy which can be recommended as an effective treatment for BPH with bladder neoplasm in one-stage.
2011, 36(1): 47-48.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the effects of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) on secondary glaucoma caused by intumescent cataract.Methods: Thirty-one cases (31 eyes) with secondary acute glaucoma due to senile intumescent cataract were performed small incision ECCE and intraocular lens implantation (IOL).All the cases were followed up for 3-12 months.Results: The corrected visualacuity of 17 eyes reached 0.5,12 eyes 0.05-0.5 and 2 eyes were below 0.05.Twenty-seven eyes had normal IOP after the operation and 4 eyes were kept normal IOP by intervention of medicine.Conclusions: The clinical results show that small incision ECCE is effective on patients with secondary glaucoma caused by intumescent cataract.
Objective: To study the effects of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) on secondary glaucoma caused by intumescent cataract.Methods: Thirty-one cases (31 eyes) with secondary acute glaucoma due to senile intumescent cataract were performed small incision ECCE and intraocular lens implantation (IOL).All the cases were followed up for 3-12 months.Results: The corrected visualacuity of 17 eyes reached 0.5,12 eyes 0.05-0.5 and 2 eyes were below 0.05.Twenty-seven eyes had normal IOP after the operation and 4 eyes were kept normal IOP by intervention of medicine.Conclusions: The clinical results show that small incision ECCE is effective on patients with secondary glaucoma caused by intumescent cataract.
2011, 36(1): 49-51.
Abstract:
Objective: To observe the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by rheumatoid arthritis' circum-citrullinated peptide antigen specific T cells (CCP/AST).Methods: The rheumatoid arthritis' blood peripheral lymphocytes (PBLs) were cultured in vitro for 72 h,and divided into three groups:lymphocytes only (RA blank group),lymphocytes with CCP at the final concentration of 20 μg/ml (RA CCP group),lymphocytes with CCP and MTX both at the final concentration of 20 μg/ml (RA MTX group).PBLs from health volunteers were cultured in vitro (abbreviated blank control group).The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured by ELISA.Results: Compared with RA CCP group:IFN-γ level of PBLs was lower and IL-4 was higher in RA MTX group,IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was down-regulated (P<0.05-P<0.01),which had the statistical significances.Conclusions: MTX can regulate the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in rheumatoid arthritis' CCP/AST (P<0.05).MTX can inhibit CCP induced TH1 cytokine,and up-regulate TH2 cytokine expression.The regulation of rheumatoid arthritis' CCP/AST by MTX may be one of the effective pathway in treating arthritis rheumatoid.
Objective: To observe the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by rheumatoid arthritis' circum-citrullinated peptide antigen specific T cells (CCP/AST).Methods: The rheumatoid arthritis' blood peripheral lymphocytes (PBLs) were cultured in vitro for 72 h,and divided into three groups:lymphocytes only (RA blank group),lymphocytes with CCP at the final concentration of 20 μg/ml (RA CCP group),lymphocytes with CCP and MTX both at the final concentration of 20 μg/ml (RA MTX group).PBLs from health volunteers were cultured in vitro (abbreviated blank control group).The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured by ELISA.Results: Compared with RA CCP group:IFN-γ level of PBLs was lower and IL-4 was higher in RA MTX group,IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was down-regulated (P<0.05-P<0.01),which had the statistical significances.Conclusions: MTX can regulate the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in rheumatoid arthritis' CCP/AST (P<0.05).MTX can inhibit CCP induced TH1 cytokine,and up-regulate TH2 cytokine expression.The regulation of rheumatoid arthritis' CCP/AST by MTX may be one of the effective pathway in treating arthritis rheumatoid.
2011, 36(1): 52-53,56.
Abstract:
Objective: To observe the effects of triphosadenine (ATP) on preventing cardiovascular responses to endotracheal extubation when a patient came to his consciousness from general anesthesia.Methods: Forty patients (ASA Ⅰ toⅡ) undergone general anesthesia were randomly allocated to observation and control group with 20 cases in each.The patients in observation group were given intravenous drip with ATP at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg 5 min prior to extubation,whereas the patients in control group were received no medication.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at 5 min before extubation,during extubation,at 1,3 and 6 min after extubation,and RPP was determined.Results: The indexes at 5 min before extubation in the two groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in SBP,DBP,MAP and HR between 5 min before extubation and during extubation,at 1,3 and 6 min after extubation in observation group (P>0.05),and RPP was increased only in extubation time (P<0.05).Compared with 5 min before extubation,all indexes were significantly increased during extubation,at 1 min after extubation in control group (P<0.05-P<0.01),and the value of SBP,MAP,HR and RPP were significantly increased at 3 min after extubation,too (P<0.05-P<0.01).All indexes at 6 min after extubation were similar to the level 5 min before extubation in control group (P>0.05).All indexes in observation group were significantly decreased during extubation,at 1 min and 3 min after extubation compared with control group (P<0.05-P<0.01).Conclusions: ATP can prevent patients from cardiovascular response effectively when patients are in condition of extubation in palinesthesia.
Objective: To observe the effects of triphosadenine (ATP) on preventing cardiovascular responses to endotracheal extubation when a patient came to his consciousness from general anesthesia.Methods: Forty patients (ASA Ⅰ toⅡ) undergone general anesthesia were randomly allocated to observation and control group with 20 cases in each.The patients in observation group were given intravenous drip with ATP at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg 5 min prior to extubation,whereas the patients in control group were received no medication.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at 5 min before extubation,during extubation,at 1,3 and 6 min after extubation,and RPP was determined.Results: The indexes at 5 min before extubation in the two groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in SBP,DBP,MAP and HR between 5 min before extubation and during extubation,at 1,3 and 6 min after extubation in observation group (P>0.05),and RPP was increased only in extubation time (P<0.05).Compared with 5 min before extubation,all indexes were significantly increased during extubation,at 1 min after extubation in control group (P<0.05-P<0.01),and the value of SBP,MAP,HR and RPP were significantly increased at 3 min after extubation,too (P<0.05-P<0.01).All indexes at 6 min after extubation were similar to the level 5 min before extubation in control group (P>0.05).All indexes in observation group were significantly decreased during extubation,at 1 min and 3 min after extubation compared with control group (P<0.05-P<0.01).Conclusions: ATP can prevent patients from cardiovascular response effectively when patients are in condition of extubation in palinesthesia.
2011, 36(1): 54-56.
Abstract:
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of fiber choledochoscope combined with pneumatic ballistic lithoclasty on refractory residual bile duct stones.Methods: Twenty-one cases of patients with refractory residual bile duct stones,in which T-tube was placed post-operation,were treated by fiber choledochoscope combination with atmospheric pressure ballistic lithoclasty,broken stones then become easy removed.Results: All cases of refractory residual bile duct stones,including gigantic,impacted or cast mould stones,were removed by this procedures without any serious complications.Eighteen cases (85.7%) of stones were completely removed in first time,and only three cases needed another repeated procedures for redundant intrahepatic stones.The operation time was 40-90 minutes without any serious complications.Three days later,the T-tube was removed when complete clearance of stones was confirmed by cholangiography.Conclusions: Fiber choledochoscope combination with pneumatic ballistic lithoclasty is a safe and highly effective method to remove residual bile duct stones that are difficult to be extracted by traditional fiber choledochoscope.
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of fiber choledochoscope combined with pneumatic ballistic lithoclasty on refractory residual bile duct stones.Methods: Twenty-one cases of patients with refractory residual bile duct stones,in which T-tube was placed post-operation,were treated by fiber choledochoscope combination with atmospheric pressure ballistic lithoclasty,broken stones then become easy removed.Results: All cases of refractory residual bile duct stones,including gigantic,impacted or cast mould stones,were removed by this procedures without any serious complications.Eighteen cases (85.7%) of stones were completely removed in first time,and only three cases needed another repeated procedures for redundant intrahepatic stones.The operation time was 40-90 minutes without any serious complications.Three days later,the T-tube was removed when complete clearance of stones was confirmed by cholangiography.Conclusions: Fiber choledochoscope combination with pneumatic ballistic lithoclasty is a safe and highly effective method to remove residual bile duct stones that are difficult to be extracted by traditional fiber choledochoscope.
2011, 36(1): 63-65.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the expression of CD16 on neutrophils in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and evaluate its significance.Methods: The CD16 expression of peripheral blood neutrophils from forty healthy blood donors as control and thirty-six cases with PNH were measured by flow cytometry.The comparative study was carried on with CD55,CD59 and traditional Ham's test.Results: Compared with normal controls,the expressions of CD16,CD55 and CD59 in patients with PNH were deficient at different degrees,the difference was of statistical significance (P<0.01).Its accuracy was more high and specific than Ham's test.Conclusions: PNH is related with a deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins CD16.CD16 assay on peripheral blood neutrophils by flow cytometry is a sensitive and specific method for PNH diagnosis and it may have an important clinical significance for diagnosis of PNH patients.
Objective: To investigate the expression of CD16 on neutrophils in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and evaluate its significance.Methods: The CD16 expression of peripheral blood neutrophils from forty healthy blood donors as control and thirty-six cases with PNH were measured by flow cytometry.The comparative study was carried on with CD55,CD59 and traditional Ham's test.Results: Compared with normal controls,the expressions of CD16,CD55 and CD59 in patients with PNH were deficient at different degrees,the difference was of statistical significance (P<0.01).Its accuracy was more high and specific than Ham's test.Conclusions: PNH is related with a deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins CD16.CD16 assay on peripheral blood neutrophils by flow cytometry is a sensitive and specific method for PNH diagnosis and it may have an important clinical significance for diagnosis of PNH patients.
2011, 36(1): 66-69.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the pathogenic bacterial distribution and drug resistance in urinary system infection so as to provide basis for clinic selection of antibiotics.Methods: A total of 213 strains of pathogenic bacterium of urinary system infection were identified,for which Kirly-Bauer test was used for drug sensitivity test.Extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs)-producing test was applied in the detection of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Results: One hundred and fifteen strains of Gram-negative bacillus,52 strains of fungus and 46 strains of Gram-positive coccus were detected.The first five species in order were Escherichia coli (n=69),fungus (n=52),Enterococcus (n=30),Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=15)and staphylococcus (n=11).The detection rates of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were 50.7% and 60.0% respectively.The test of drug sensitivity in the main pathogens except fungus indicated that in Gram-negative bacillus,the drug resistance to imipenem was the lowest and Gram-positive coccus also had a serious drug resistance status,but all of them were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin.Conclusions: Escherichia coli remain the most frequent pathogenic bacteria in urinary system infection.The rate of fungus infection tends to increase,and drug resistance is serious.Clinicians should pay more attention to the result of urine culture and select antibiotics according to the drug sensitive test.
Objective: To investigate the pathogenic bacterial distribution and drug resistance in urinary system infection so as to provide basis for clinic selection of antibiotics.Methods: A total of 213 strains of pathogenic bacterium of urinary system infection were identified,for which Kirly-Bauer test was used for drug sensitivity test.Extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs)-producing test was applied in the detection of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Results: One hundred and fifteen strains of Gram-negative bacillus,52 strains of fungus and 46 strains of Gram-positive coccus were detected.The first five species in order were Escherichia coli (n=69),fungus (n=52),Enterococcus (n=30),Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=15)and staphylococcus (n=11).The detection rates of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were 50.7% and 60.0% respectively.The test of drug sensitivity in the main pathogens except fungus indicated that in Gram-negative bacillus,the drug resistance to imipenem was the lowest and Gram-positive coccus also had a serious drug resistance status,but all of them were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin.Conclusions: Escherichia coli remain the most frequent pathogenic bacteria in urinary system infection.The rate of fungus infection tends to increase,and drug resistance is serious.Clinicians should pay more attention to the result of urine culture and select antibiotics according to the drug sensitive test.
2011, 36(1): 71-73.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of granisetron HCl orally disintegrating tablet and compare its relative bioavailability with domestic granisetron tablet.Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were administered a single oral dose of domestic granisetron HCl orally disintegrating tablet or tablet (reference)in a randomized crossover study,and their plasma drug concentration was determined by HPLC-fluoremetry.Results: The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to one-compartment model.The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were:Cmax=(7.2±3.4)μg/L,t1/2=(4.2±1.8)h,tmax=(1.3±0.3)h,AUC0~24 h=(37.3±25.6)μg·h·L.No significant difference was found between the test and the reference groups.The relative bioavailability obtained was (97.9±19.2)%.Conclusions: The two preparations are bioequivalent.
Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of granisetron HCl orally disintegrating tablet and compare its relative bioavailability with domestic granisetron tablet.Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were administered a single oral dose of domestic granisetron HCl orally disintegrating tablet or tablet (reference)in a randomized crossover study,and their plasma drug concentration was determined by HPLC-fluoremetry.Results: The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to one-compartment model.The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were:Cmax=(7.2±3.4)μg/L,t1/2=(4.2±1.8)h,tmax=(1.3±0.3)h,AUC0~24 h=(37.3±25.6)μg·h·L.No significant difference was found between the test and the reference groups.The relative bioavailability obtained was (97.9±19.2)%.Conclusions: The two preparations are bioequivalent.
2011, 36(1): 76-78.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the causes,management,nursing care and health guidance of complications following permanent implantation of the artificial heart pacemaker.Methods: Forty-seven patients were installed permanent artificial pacemakers and complications occurred in 7 of them.The causes of the complications were analyzed and proper nursing guidance was offered.Results: Pacemaker pocket hematoma was observed in 2 cases,pocket infection in 1 case,pneumothorax in 1 case,shoulder-hand joint syndrome in 1 case,electrode dislocation in 1 case and pacemaker syndrome in 1 case.Conclusions: Knowledge about the complications related to the pacemaker,postoperative observation and health guidance should be strengthened,which may help to early identification and management of the complication and improve the patient's quality of life.
Objective: To explore the causes,management,nursing care and health guidance of complications following permanent implantation of the artificial heart pacemaker.Methods: Forty-seven patients were installed permanent artificial pacemakers and complications occurred in 7 of them.The causes of the complications were analyzed and proper nursing guidance was offered.Results: Pacemaker pocket hematoma was observed in 2 cases,pocket infection in 1 case,pneumothorax in 1 case,shoulder-hand joint syndrome in 1 case,electrode dislocation in 1 case and pacemaker syndrome in 1 case.Conclusions: Knowledge about the complications related to the pacemaker,postoperative observation and health guidance should be strengthened,which may help to early identification and management of the complication and improve the patient's quality of life.
2011, 36(1): 79-81.
Abstract:
Objective: To discuss the ways and measures of healthy education to 131Ⅰ therapeutic patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Methods: The systematic and effective health education was conducted to 40 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer during the 131Ⅰ therapy period in hospital.Results: Forty patients were able to maintain a good mental state for 131Ⅰ therapy.It also prevented and reduced various side-effects induced by the 131Ⅰ therapy.The patient satisfaction rate reached 97%.Conclusions: Active and effective health education is beneficial to the implementation of 131Ⅰ therapy.It can also help relief the patients pain and improve their life quality.
Objective: To discuss the ways and measures of healthy education to 131Ⅰ therapeutic patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Methods: The systematic and effective health education was conducted to 40 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer during the 131Ⅰ therapy period in hospital.Results: Forty patients were able to maintain a good mental state for 131Ⅰ therapy.It also prevented and reduced various side-effects induced by the 131Ⅰ therapy.The patient satisfaction rate reached 97%.Conclusions: Active and effective health education is beneficial to the implementation of 131Ⅰ therapy.It can also help relief the patients pain and improve their life quality.
2011, 36(1): 88-90.
Abstract:
Objective: To provide reference information of influenza A H1N1 influenza around the world for the researchers.Methods: Using PubMed as the data source,retrieve the 2009/03-2010/08 domestic swine H1N1 influenza published literature.Quantitative changes in countries and regions,languages,etc.were analyzed and compared,and reflects the domestic A type of H1N1 influenza cases.Results: The number of documents in line with fashion trend,the English language (2351) mainly to the Unite states upto the amaunt of literature (1 172),type of publication in jounals majority (1 810),research in physiology,inmunology,isolation and purification and genetics-based.Conclusions: Bibliometric analysis of influenza A H1N1 influenza information provide path ways for scientific researchers to know the research levels,hot topics and trends of H1N1 influenza.
Objective: To provide reference information of influenza A H1N1 influenza around the world for the researchers.Methods: Using PubMed as the data source,retrieve the 2009/03-2010/08 domestic swine H1N1 influenza published literature.Quantitative changes in countries and regions,languages,etc.were analyzed and compared,and reflects the domestic A type of H1N1 influenza cases.Results: The number of documents in line with fashion trend,the English language (2351) mainly to the Unite states upto the amaunt of literature (1 172),type of publication in jounals majority (1 810),research in physiology,inmunology,isolation and purification and genetics-based.Conclusions: Bibliometric analysis of influenza A H1N1 influenza information provide path ways for scientific researchers to know the research levels,hot topics and trends of H1N1 influenza.
2011, 36(1): 91-92,95.
Abstract:
Objective: To improve the teaching quality of "gynecologic oncology" by teaching reforming.Methods: Textbook reform,multimedia teaching,case-analyzing and evidence-based medicine training were employed to cultivate the students' thinking ability and enhance their awareness of active learning.Results: The teaching quality of "gynecologic oncology" achieved overall improvement through continuous teaching reforms.Conclusions: Active and effective teaching reforms may help to develop the students' thinking ability and improve the quality of clinical teaching.
Objective: To improve the teaching quality of "gynecologic oncology" by teaching reforming.Methods: Textbook reform,multimedia teaching,case-analyzing and evidence-based medicine training were employed to cultivate the students' thinking ability and enhance their awareness of active learning.Results: The teaching quality of "gynecologic oncology" achieved overall improvement through continuous teaching reforms.Conclusions: Active and effective teaching reforms may help to develop the students' thinking ability and improve the quality of clinical teaching.
2011, 36(1): 93-95.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the improving approaches of medical college students' humanistic quality at a cross-cultural perspective.Methods: Several specific approaches were put forward to enhance medical college students' humanistic quality by analyzing the internal relations between cross-culture and medical college students' humanistic quality.Results: Under a cross-cultural horizon,multiple channels could be adopted to improve medical college students' humanistic quality,including strengthening humanism ideological education of the Chinese tradition medicine culture,enhancing students' humanistic quality via college English class,improving teachers' humanistic quality,offering some related selective courses and constructing campus culture,these approaches were very effective.Conclusions: It is very significant to carry out medical humanistic quality education to make medical college students improve their abilities to identify and choose western culture.
Objective: To explore the improving approaches of medical college students' humanistic quality at a cross-cultural perspective.Methods: Several specific approaches were put forward to enhance medical college students' humanistic quality by analyzing the internal relations between cross-culture and medical college students' humanistic quality.Results: Under a cross-cultural horizon,multiple channels could be adopted to improve medical college students' humanistic quality,including strengthening humanism ideological education of the Chinese tradition medicine culture,enhancing students' humanistic quality via college English class,improving teachers' humanistic quality,offering some related selective courses and constructing campus culture,these approaches were very effective.Conclusions: It is very significant to carry out medical humanistic quality education to make medical college students improve their abilities to identify and choose western culture.
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